bioRxiv Science⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2022.10.03.510731

EXPOSURE TO GLYPHOSATE OR ROUNDUP DURING ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOGENESIS DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS METABOLISM AND SWIMMING BEHAVIOURS

Lacroix, R.·Ibhazehibo, K.·Kaushik, G.·Kurrasch, D.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Glyphosate-based herbicides (GBHs), the most recognized of which is Roundup, are the most extensively used herbicides worldwide. GBHs were initially considered safe for animals since the primary target of the active ingredient, glyphosate, is only found in plants. Recent studies show that glyphosate can affect a range of animal physiologies; however, it remains poorly characterized as to whether animal GBH effects are mediated by glyphosate itself or are in response to toxic effects of the adjuvants and surfactants found in GBH formulations. Here we expose embryonic zebrafish to environmentally relevant doses of glyphosate or Roundup and compare effects on two systems in the larvae: cellular bioenergetics, since glyphosate can affect mitochondrial function, and behaviour, as a systems-level readout of lasting developmental changes. We showed that exposure of embryonic zebrafish to low levels of glyphosate resulted in decreased mitochondrially-mediated basal respiration and hypoactive swimming behavior in larval stage, whereas exposure to Roundup in this same treatment paradigm had the opposite effect, causing increased cellular respiration and increased locomotion. In addition, we also explored generational effects of F1 embryonic glyphosate or Roundup exposure in the F2, and showed that offspring born to zebrafish exposed to low-level glyphosate or Roundup during embryogenesis both exhibited reduced mitochondrially-mediated basal respiration and altered locomotion. Combined, these data show that embryonic exposure to glyphosate or the full formulation of GBHs caused differential effects on mitochondrial function and behaviours in vertebrates, with potential lasting effects on future generations. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=84 SRC="FIGDIR/small/510731v1_fig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (12K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@93431borg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1aa602org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1890cf5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b1c655_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG O_FLOATNOFigure 1.C_FLOATNO Graphical abstract.Zebrafish (F1 generation) were exposed to glyphosate or Roundup from zero to 48 hours, with behaviour and mitochondrial bioenergetics assessed at larval timepoints (2- and 5-dpf). Offspring of glyphosate and Roundup exposed fish (F2 generation) behaviour and mitochondrial bioenergetics were assessed to the same paradigm as F1 fish at 5-dpf. Changes to core metabolic parameters and locomotion was observed in both F1 and F2 generations. C_FIG

Explore related subjects

neurosciencePreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Lacroix, R., Ibhazehibo, K., Kaushik, G., Kurrasch, D.. 2022-10-07. EXPOSURE TO GLYPHOSATE OR ROUNDUP DURING ZEBRAFISH EMBRYOGENESIS DIFFERENTIALLY AFFECTS METABOLISM AND SWIMMING BEHAVIOURS. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.10.03.510731

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Cell Types in Describing Neuronal Physiological Features

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) captures detailed gene expression profiles at scale, while patch-clamp recordings measure intrinsic neuronal electrophysiological properties. Modeling the relations between these two modalities remains a challenge. Here, we compare how well electrophysiological features can be predicted by traditional transcriptomic cell type classification, representations derived from a foundational model (scGPT) pretrained on large-scale scRNA-seq datasets, ion channel-coding genes, and highly variable genes. Using paired transcriptomic and electrophysiological patch-sequencing data from 495 human neurons from neurosurgical tissue, we find that cluster-level cell type representations consistently outperform highly variable gene selection, ion channel gene selection, and context-enriched scGPT embeddings. Notably, performance varies across model architectures and initializations, and the best results are obtained by combining the outputs of separate cell type and scGPT-based models. Together, these findings suggest that traditional discrete cellular classification is highly effective in predicting physiological features. For maximum performance it can be complemented by pretrained transformer models.

neuroscience↗
bioRxiv2026

A nonlinear inhibition pathway underlying cortical responses to tuned holographic optogenetic perturbations

Optogenetics enables causal manipulation of cortical activity. Perturbation responses can be counterintuitive due to network interactions, making theory essential for predicting them. Existing approaches often rely on linear approximations, which fail for many biologically relevant perturbations. Here we develop a nonlinear theory of responses to holographic perturbations in cell-type-specific recurrent networks with structured connectivity. We fit a nonlinear model to mouse V1 data, which shows cotuned-ensemble suppression: perturbing spatially clustered neurons with similar preferred orientations yields markedly stronger short-range suppression than perturbing untuned ensembles. We show that cotuned-ensemble suppression arises from a feature-tuned, nonlinear inhibition pathway implicating somatostatin-positive (SST) interneurons. The theory predicts that cotuned ensembles suppress parvalbumin-positive (PV) neurons but facilitate SST neurons, and links the degree of cotuned-ensemble suppression or facilitation to the variance of the SST response. This framework identifies mechanisms by which nonlinear inhibition sculpts cortical dynamics and establishes a predictive basis for targeted optogenetic interventions.

neuroscience↗
bioRxiv2026

Proteomic signatures of APOE ε4 across human tissues and cell types in Alzheimers disease

The apolipoprotein E {varepsilon}4 (APOE {varepsilon}4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimers disease (AD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study included 1691 participants from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP), 1226 participants from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership - Alzheimers Disease (AMP-AD) Diverse Cohorts Study, and 735 participants from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). To characterise APOE {varepsilon}4 molecular effects, we analysed proteomic data from plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and neurons, as well as transcriptomic and proteomic data from multiple brain regions. The association of APOE {varepsilon}4 with AD neuropathology was also examined. APOE {varepsilon}4 carriers shared a plasma proteomic signature enriched for immune processes, irrespective of AD diagnosis. A machine learning classifier trained on this signature discriminated APOE {varepsilon}4 carriers from non-carriers in an independent cohort using CSF proteomics. APOE {varepsilon}4 carriage was associated with higher Braak stages and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimers Disease (CERAD) score. However, only limited APOE {varepsilon}4-associated transcriptomic and proteomic changes were observed in bulk brain tissue, with poor cross-layer concordance. Proteomic analyses of iPSC-derived astrocytes and neurons further revealed cell-type-specific APOE {varepsilon}4-associated changes. APOE {varepsilon}4 is associated with a consistent proteomic signature across plasma and CSF. Its molecular effects in the brain differ across cell types, brain regions and molecular layers. These findings support the need for cell-type-resolved multi-omic studies to elucidate how APOE {varepsilon}4 confers AD risk.

neuroscience↗