YAP/TAZ inactivation with simvastatin attenuates glucocorticoid-induced human trabecular meshwork cell dysfunction

Abstract

PurposeImpairment of the trabecular meshwork (TM) is the principal cause of increased outflow resistance in the glaucomatous eye. Yes-associated protein (YAP) and transcriptional coactivator with PDZ binding motif (TAZ) are emerging as potential mediators of TM cell/tissue dysfunction. Furthermore, YAP/TAZ activity was recently found to be controlled by the mevalonate pathway in non-ocular cells. Clinically-used statins block the mevalonate cascade and were shown to improve TM cell pathobiology; yet, the link to YAP/TAZ signaling was not investigated. In this study, we hypothesized that YAP/TAZ inactivation with simvastatin attenuates glucocorticoid-induced human TM (HTM) cell dysfunction. MethodsPrimary HTM cells were seeded atop or encapsulated within bioengineered extracellular matrix (ECM) hydrogels. Dexamethasone was used to induce a pathologic phenotype in HTM cells in the absence or presence of simvastatin. Changes in YAP/TAZ activity, actin cytoskeletal organization, phospho-myosin light chain levels, hydrogel contraction/stiffness, and fibronectin deposition were assessed. ResultsSimvastatin potently blocked pathologic YAP/TAZ nuclear localization/activity, actin stress fiber formation, and myosin light chain phosphorylation in HTM cells. Importantly, simvastatin co-treatment significantly attenuated dexamethasone-induced ECM contraction/stiffening and extracellular fibronectin deposition. Sequential treatment was similarly effective but did not match clinically-used Rho kinase inhibition. ConclusionsYAP/TAZ inactivation with simvastatin attenuates HTM cell pathobiology in a tissue-mimetic ECM microenvironment. Our data may help explain the association of statin use with a reduced risk of developing glaucoma via indirect YAP/TAZ inhibition as a proposed regulatory mechanism.