The mitochondrial Cu+ transporter PiC2 (SLC25A3) is a target of MTF1 and contributes to the development of skeletal muscle in vitro

Abstract

The loading of copper (Cu) into cytochrome c oxidase (COX) in mitochondria is essential for energy production in cells. Extensive studies have been performed with mitochondrial cuproenzymes, such as Sco1, Sco2 and Cox17, which contributes to the metallation of the oxidase. However, limited information is available on the upstream mechanism of Cu transport and delivery to mitochondria, especially through Cu-impermeable membranes, in mammalian cells. The mitochondrial phosphate transporter SLC25A3, also known as PiC2, is also able to bind Cu+ and acts as an active copper transporter in eukaryotic cells through these membranes, and ultimately aid in the metallation of COX. We used a well-established differentiation model of primary myoblasts derived from mouse satellite cells, where Cu availability is necessary for growth and maturation, and showed PiC2 is a target of MTF1, its expression is induced during myogenesis and favored by Cu supplementation. PiC2 deletion using CRISPR/Cas9 showed that the transporter is required for proliferation and differentiation of primary myoblasts, as both processes are delayed upon PiC2 knock-out. The effects of PiC2 deletion were ameliorated by the addition of Cu to the growth medium, implying the deleterious effects of PiC2 knockout in myoblasts may be in part due to a failure to deliver sufficient Cu to the mitochondria, which can be compensated by other mitochondrial cuproproteins. Co-localization and co-immunoprecipitation of PiC2 and COX also strongly suggest that PiC2 may act to directly load Cu into COX, which was verified by in vitro Cu+-transfer experiments. The data indicate an important role for PiC2 in both the delivery of Cu to the mitochondria, COX and, subsequently, the differentiation of primary myoblasts.