Genetic silencing of AKT induces melanoma cell death

Abstract

Aberrant activation of the PI3K-AKT pathway is common in melanoma but efforts to drug this pathway have proven largely ineffective in patients. In this study, we observed that pharmacological inhibition of AKT was ineffective whereas genetic silencing of all three AKT paralogs significantly abrogated melanoma cell growth through effects on mTORC signaling. This phenotype could be rescued by overexpression of AKT but was dependent on kinase activity. Interestingly, expression of the serine/threonine kinase SGK1 was increased following genetic suppression of AKT but only expression of activated SGK1 could rescue the lethal effect of AKT knockdown. SGK1 also increases tumor growth and decreases survival in a BRAFV600E-driven mouse model of melanoma. Pharmacological inhibition of SGK and AKT reduced cell proliferation. These results demonstrate that SGK1 can compensate for AKT loss in this context and suggest that dual targeting of SGK1 and AKT may represent a novel therapeutic strategy in this disease. SIGNIFICANCEAlthough the AKT1, 2 & 3 genes encode: Bona fide oncoprotein kinases; well-validated downstream effectors of PI3-lipids and: pleiotropic regulators of numerous aberrant properties of cancer cells, their role in melanoma progression and/or maintenance is poorly understood. Here we explore the effects of genetic or pharmacological inhibitors of AKT1-3 and conclude that combined inhibition of AKT plus the related SGK protein kinases may be required to inhibit melanomagenesis.