Extracellular matrix sensing via modulation of orientational order of integrins and F-actin in focal adhesions

Abstract

Specificity of cellular responses to distinct cues from the extracellular matrix (ECM) requires precise and sensitive decoding of information from the cell surface. However, how known mechanisms of mechanosensing such as force dependent catch bonds and conformational changes in focal adhesion (FA) proteins can confer this sensitivity is not known. Using a combination of polarization microscopy and computational modeling, here we identify regulation of orientational order or molecular co-alignment of FA proteins as a mechanism able to precisely tune cell sensitivity to the ECM. We find that V integrins and F-actin in FAs show changes in orientational order in an ECM-mediated integrin activation dependent manner. This magnitude of orientational order is sensitive to changes in ECM density but independent of myosin-II activity though actomyosin contractility can further fine-tune it. A molecular clutch model for integrin binding ECM ligands demonstrates that orientational order of integrin-ECM binding and catch bonds tune cellular sensitivity to ECM density. This mechanism is also able to decouple ECM density changes from changes in ECM stiffness thus also contributing to specificity. Taken together, our results suggest relative geometric organization of FA components as an important regulator of mechanotransduction.