The interplay between lncRNAs, RNA-binding proteins and viral genome during SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals strong connections with regulatory events involved in RNA metabolism and immune response.

Enguita, F. J.; Leitao, A. L.; McDonald, J. T.; Zaksas, V.; Das, S.; Galeano, D.; Taylor, D.; Syrkin Wurtele, E.; Saravia-Butler, A.; Baylin, S. B.; Meller, R.; Porterfield, D. M.; Wallace, D. C.; Schisler, J. C.; Mason, C. E.; Beheshti, A.

doi:10.1101/2022.03.26.485903

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2022.03.26.485903

The interplay between lncRNAs, RNA-binding proteins and viral genome during SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals strong connections with regulatory events involved in RNA metabolism and immune response.

Enguita, F. J.·Leitao, A. L.·McDonald, J. T.·Zaksas, V.·Das, S.·Galeano, D.·Taylor, D.·Syrkin Wurtele, E.·Saravia-Butler, A.·Baylin, S. B.·Meller, R.·Porterfield, D. M.·Wallace, D. C.·Schisler, J. C.·Mason, C. E.·Beheshti, A.

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Abstract

Viral infections are complex processes based on an intricate network of molecular interactions. The infectious agent hijacks components of the cellular machinery for its profit, circumventing the natural defense mechanisms triggered by the infected cell. The successful completion of the replicative viral cycle within a cell depends on the function of viral components versus the cellular defenses. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are important cellular modulators, either promoting or preventing the progression of viral infections. Among these ncRNAs, the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) family is especially relevant due to their intrinsic functional properties and ubiquitous biological roles. Specific lncRNAs have been recently characterized as modulators of the cellular response during infection of human host cells by single stranded RNA viruses. However, the role of host lncRNAs in the infection by human RNA coronaviruses such as SARS-CoV-2 remains uncharacterized. In the present work, we have performed a transcriptomic study of a cohort of patients with different SARS-CoV-2 viral load. Our results revealed the existence of a SARS-CoV-2 infection-dependent pattern of transcriptional up-regulation in which specific lncRNAs are an integral component. To determine the role of these lncRNAs, we performed a functional correlation analysis complemented with the study of the validated interactions between lncRNAs and RNA-binding proteins (RBPs). This combination of in silico functional association studies and experimental evidence allowed us to identify a lncRNA signature composed of six elements - NRIR, BISPR, MIR155HG, FMR1-IT1, USP30-AS1, and U62317.2 - associated with the regulation of SARS-CoV-2 infection. We propose a competition mechanism between the viral RNA genome and the regulatory lncRNAs in the sequestering of specific RBPs that modulates the interferon response and the regulation of RNA surveillance by nonsense-mediated decay (NMD). O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=182 SRC="FIGDIR/small/485903v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (46K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@4368c9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1948201org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e31fd9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1400805_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG Graphical abstractModel of interactions among lncRNA and cognate RNA-binding proteins in SARS-CoV-2 infection. According to our model, the viral genome can establish direct interactions with three core proteins (DDX3X, UPF1 and IGF2BP2) involved in mRNA metabolism and regulation of the interferon response, which are also components of a SARS-CoV-2 lncRNA-centered regulatory network. The competition between viral RNA and lncRNAs could act as a counteracting factor for the normal function of homeostatic lncRNA-centered regulatory networks, contributing to viral progression and replication. Black arrows depict physical interactions between network components; red arrows represent functional relationships.

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Enguita, F. J., Leitao, A. L., McDonald, J. T., Zaksas, V., Das, S., Galeano, D., Taylor, D., Syrkin Wurtele, E., Saravia-Butler, A., Baylin, S. B., Meller, R., Porterfield, D. M., Wallace, D. C., Schisler, J. C., Mason, C. E., Beheshti, A.. 2022-03-28. The interplay between lncRNAs, RNA-binding proteins and viral genome during SARS-CoV-2 infection reveals strong connections with regulatory events involved in RNA metabolism and immune response.. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.03.26.485903

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