bioRxiv · 10.1101/2022.02.20.481163
Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine
Abstract
Despite a clear role in protective immunity, the durability and quality of antibody and memory B cell responses induced by mRNA vaccination, particularly by a 3rd dose of vaccine, remains unclear. Here, we examined antibody and memory B cell responses in a cohort of individuals sampled longitudinally for [~]9-10 months after the primary 2-dose mRNA vaccine series, as well as for [~]3 months after a 3rd mRNA vaccine dose. Notably, antibody decay slowed significantly between 6- and 9-months post-primary vaccination, essentially stabilizing at the time of the 3rd dose. Antibody quality also continued to improve for at least 9 months after primary 2-dose vaccination. Spike- and RBD-specific memory B cells were stable through 9 months post-vaccination with no evidence of decline over time, and [~]40-50% of RBD-specific memory B cells were capable of simultaneously recognizing the Alpha, Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants. Omicron-binding memory B cells induced by the first 2 doses of mRNA vaccine were boosted significantly by a 3rd dose and the magnitude of this boosting was similar to memory B cells specific for other variants. Pre-3rd dose memory B cell frequencies correlated with the increase in neutralizing antibody titers after the 3rd dose. In contrast, pre-3rd dose antibody titers inversely correlated with the fold-change of antibody boosting, suggesting that high levels of circulating antibodies may limit reactivation of immunological memory and constrain further antibody boosting by mRNA vaccines. These data provide a deeper understanding of how the quantity and quality of antibody and memory B cell responses change over time and number of antigen exposures. These data also provide insight into potential immune dynamics following recall responses to additional vaccine doses or post-vaccination infections. Graphical Summary O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=123 SRC="FIGDIR/small/481163v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (20K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@123d2d9org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@e7db82org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fc73deorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@11b21f9_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG
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Goel, R. R., Painter, M. M., Lundgreen, K. A., Apostolidis, S. A., Baxter, A. E., Giles, J. R., Mathew, D., Pattekar, A., Reynaldi, A., Khoury, D. S., Gouma, S., Hicks, P., Dysinger, S., Hicks, A., Sharma, H., Herring, S., Korte, S., KC, W., Oldridge, D. A., Erickson, R. I., Weirick, M. E., McAllister, C. M., Awofolaju, M., Tanenbaum, N., Dougherty, J., Long, S., D'Andrea, K., Hamilton, J. T., McLaughlin, M., Williams, J. C., Adamski, S., Kuthuru, O., Drapeau, E. M., Davenport, M. P., Hensley, S. E., Bates, P., Greenplate, A. R., Wherry, E. J.. 2022-02-22. Efficient recall of Omicron-reactive B cell memory after a third dose of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccine. https://doi.org/10.1101/2022.02.20.481163
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