Abnormal Differentiation and Proliferation of Coronary Arterial Endothelium in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Yu, Z.; Zhou, X.; Pastrana-Gomez, V.; Tian, L.; Nelson, T. J.; Snyder, M. P.; Wang, N.; Mital, S.; Chitayat, D.; Wu, J. C.; Rabinovitch, M.; Wu, S. M.; Miao, Y.; Gu, M.

doi:10.1101/2021.08.30.457716

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2021.08.30.457716

Abnormal Differentiation and Proliferation of Coronary Arterial Endothelium in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome

Yu, Z.·Zhou, X.·Pastrana-Gomez, V.·Tian, L.·Nelson, T. J.·Snyder, M. P.·Wang, N.·Mital, S.·Chitayat, D.·Wu, J. C.·Rabinovitch, M.·Wu, S. M.·Miao, Y.·Gu, M.

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Abstract

Hypoplastic left heart syndrome (HLHS) is a severe form of single ventricle congenital heart disease characterized by the underdevelopment of the left ventricle. Early serial postmortem examinations revealed high rate of coronary artery abnormalities in HLHS fetal hearts, such as thickened wall, kinking arteries and ventriculo-coronary arterial connection. However, it is unclear if there is an intrinsic defect in the HLHS coronary vessels and what the underlying molecular mechanism is. Here, we profiled both human fetal heart with an underdeveloped left ventricle (ULV) and ECs differentiated from induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) derived from HLHS patients at single cell resolution. CD144+/NPR3-vascular ECs were selected and further classified as venous, arterial and late arterial subclusters. To study the arterial EC phenotype, we specifically generated iPSC-arterial ECs (AECs, CD34+CDH5+CXCR4+NT5E-/low) derived from three HLHS patients and three age-matched healthy controls. Gene ontology analysis revealed that ULV late arterial EC subcluster showed specific defects in endothelial development, proliferation, and Notch signaling compared to control. Consistently, HLHS iPSCs exhibited impaired AEC differentiation shown as the reduced CXCR4+NT5E-/low AEC progenitor population. Mature HLHS iPSC-AECs also exhibited increased G0/G1 cell cycle arrest with decreased expression of cell cycle related genes (e.g., Ki67, CCND1/2). Additionally, NOTCH targeted genes (e.g., DLL4, HEY1, GJA5) were found suppressed in both ULV AECs and HLHS iPSC-AECs compared to control. We also found the HLHS de novo mutation gene KMT2D directly regulated the transcription of NOTCH targeted genes participating in arterial differentiation and cell proliferation, contributing to the HLHS AEC dysfunctionalities. Intriguingly, the treatment of NOTCH ligand JAG1 improved cell proliferation of HLHS AECs and upregulated G1/S transition genes downstream of NOTCH pathway. In summary, our results revealed that KMT2D directly regulated transcription activity of NOTCH signaling, contributing to the poor differentiation and low proliferation of HLHS coronary AECs.

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Yu, Z., Zhou, X., Pastrana-Gomez, V., Tian, L., Nelson, T. J., Snyder, M. P., Wang, N., Mital, S., Chitayat, D., Wu, J. C., Rabinovitch, M., Wu, S. M., Miao, Y., Gu, M.. 2021-08-31. Abnormal Differentiation and Proliferation of Coronary Arterial Endothelium in Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.30.457716

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