Dynamic configuration of large-scale cortical networks during an inhibitory task accounts for heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits

Kember, J.; Hare, C.; Tekok-Kilic, A.; Marshall, W.; Emrich, S. M.; Segalowitz, S. J.; Panda, E.

doi:10.1101/2021.08.04.455077

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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2021.08.04.455077

Dynamic configuration of large-scale cortical networks during an inhibitory task accounts for heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits

Kember, J.·Hare, C.·Tekok-Kilic, A.·Marshall, W.·Emrich, S. M.·Segalowitz, S. J.·Panda, E.

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Abstract

The heterogeneity of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) traits (inattention vs. hyperactivity/impulsivity) complicates diagnosis and intervention. Identifying how the configuration of large-scale functional brain networks during cognitive processing correlate with this heterogeneity could help us understand the neural mechanisms altered across ADHD presentations. Here, we recorded high-density EEG while 62 non-clinical participants (ages 18-24; 32 male) underwent an inhibitory control task (Go/No-Go). Functional EEG networks were created using sensors as nodes and across-trial phase-lag index values as edges. Using cross-validated LASSO regression, we examined whether graph-theory metrics applied to both static networks (averaged across time-windows: -500-0ms, 0-500ms) and dynamic networks (temporally layered with 2ms intervals), were associated with hyperactive/impulsive and inattentive traits. Network configuration during response execution/inhibition was associated with hyperactive/impulsive (mean R2 across test sets = .20, SE = .02), but not inattentive traits. Post-stimulus results at higher frequencies (Beta, 14-29Hz; Gamma, 30-90Hz) showed the strongest association with hyperactive/impulsive traits, and predominantly reflected less burst-like integration between modules in oscillatory beta networks during execution, and increased integration/small-worldness in oscillatory gamma networks during inhibition. We interpret the beta network results as reflecting weaker integration between specialized pre-frontal and motor systems during motor response preparation, and the gamma results as reflecting a compensatory mechanism used to integrate processing between less functionally specialized networks. This research demonstrates that the neural network mechanisms underlying response execution/inhibition might be associated with hyperactive/impulsive traits, and that dynamic, task-related changes in EEG functional networks may be useful in disentangling ADHD heterogeneity.

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Kember, J., Hare, C., Tekok-Kilic, A., Marshall, W., Emrich, S. M., Segalowitz, S. J., Panda, E.. 2021-08-05. Dynamic configuration of large-scale cortical networks during an inhibitory task accounts for heterogeneity in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder traits. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.08.04.455077

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