bioRxiv Science⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2021.05.25.445583

Survey and Molecular Detection of Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus in Thailand

Siriwan, W.·Saokham, K.·Hemniam, N.·Roekwan, S.·Hunsawattanakul, S.·Thawinampan, J.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Cassava plantations in an area of 458 ha spanning five provinces along the Thailand- Cambodia border were surveyed from October 2018 to July 2019 to determine the prevalence of cassava mosaic disease (CMD) caused by Sri Lankan cassava mosaic virus (SLCMV) in the region. CMD prevalence was 40% in the whole area and 80% in Prachinburi, 43% in Sakaeo, 37% in Burium, 25% in Surin, and 19% in Sisaket provinces. Disease severity was generally scored as 2-3. The highest average disease severity was in Sakaeo province (3.7), followed by Buriram (3.6), Prachinburi (2.88), Surin (2.5), and Sisaket (2.4) provinces. Asymptomatic plants were identified in Surin (12%), Prachinburi (5%), Sakaeo (0.2%), and Buriram (0.1%) by PCR analysis. Interestingly, cassava cultivars CMR-89 and Rayong 11 were susceptible to CMD. In approximately 95% of cases, the infection was transmitted by whitefly (Bemisia tabaci), which had a high population density in Prachinburi but was sparse in Surin, with the largest populations observed in May and June. Nucleotide sequencing of the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase 1 (mtCO1) gene of whitefly (Bemisia tabaci) in Thailand revealed a similarity to the Asia II 1 whitefly gene. Furthermore, the AV1 gene--which encodes the capsid protein--showed 90% nucleotide identity with SLCMV. Phylogenetic analysis of completed nucleotide sequences of DNA-A and DNA-B components of the SLCMV genome determined by rolling circle amplification (RCA) indicated that they were similar to the nucleotide sequence of SLCMV isolates from Thailand, Vietnam, and Cambodia. These results provide important insights into the distribution, impact, and spread of CMD and SLCMV in Thailand.

Source connections

Explore related subjects

pathologyPreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Siriwan, W., Saokham, K., Hemniam, N., Roekwan, S., Hunsawattanakul, S., Thawinampan, J.. 2021-05-25. Survey and Molecular Detection of Sri Lankan Cassava Mosaic Virus in Thailand. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.05.25.445583

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

NAE1-Dependent Protein Neddylation Preserves Endothelial Identity and Vascular Integrity

Background: Endothelial dysfunction is a central driver of cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases, yet the post-translational mechanisms that preserve endothelial homeostasis remain incompletely understood. Protein neddylation, the covalent conjugation of a ubiquitin-like modifier, regulates diverse cellular processes, yet its physiological role in the vascular endothelium remains unknown. This study investigated whether protein neddylation is required to preserve endothelial identity and vascular homeostasis. Methods: We generated tamoxifen-inducible endothelial-specific Nae1 knockout mice to inhibit neddylation and combined bulk RNA sequencing, single-cell and single-nucleus transcriptomics, quantitative proteomics, biochemical analyses, and gain- and loss-of-function approaches to define the role of endothelial neddylation in vascular homeostasis and inflammatory injury. Results: Endothelial-specific Nae1 deletion caused rapid mortality associated with vascular leakage, platelet accumulation, inflammation, and multi-organ injury. Multi-omics analyses demonstrated profound loss of endothelial identity, characterized by suppression of core endothelial programs and activation of inflammatory, procoagulant, and pyroptotic pathways. Single-cell analyses revealed progressive endothelial dysfunction culminating in depletion of the endothelial population and remodeling of the vascular niche. Mechanistically, endothelial neddylation deficiency activated gasdermin D (GSDMD)- and gasdermin E (GSDME)-dependent pyroptosis, whereas dual inhibition of GSDMD and GSDME markedly attenuated inflammatory transcriptomic remodeling, vascular injury, hepatocyte death, immune cell infiltration, and platelet accumulation. Translational analyses demonstrated reduced endothelial neddylation in experimental endotoxemia and decreased expression of neddylation pathway components in human atherosclerosis and COVID-19 datasets. Conversely, restoration of endothelial neddylation partially reversed inflammatory endothelial transcriptomic reprogramming in vivo. Conclusions: NAE1-dependent protein neddylation is an essential regulator of endothelial identity and vascular integrity. Loss of endothelial neddylation promotes gasdermin-dependent pyroptosis and thrombo-inflammatory vascular injury, whereas restoration of the neddylation pathway mitigates inflammatory endothelial dysfunction. These findings identify endothelial neddylation as a fundamental mechanism maintaining vascular homeostasis and a potential therapeutic target for cardiovascular and inflammatory diseases.

pathology↗
bioRxiv2022

Cetacean "gas-bubble thromboembolic polycystic liver disease": "Budd-Chiari-like syndrome" in dolphins?

Nearly two decades ago, pathologic examination results suggested acoustic factors, such as mid-frequency active naval military sonar (MFAS) could be the cause of acute decompression-like sickness in stranded beaked whales. Acute systemic gas embolism in these beaked whales was published together with enigmatic cystic liver lesions (CLL), characterized by intrahepatic encapsulated gas-filled cysts, tentatively interpreted as "gas-bubble" lesions in various cetacean species. Here we provide a pathologic reinterpretation of CLL in cetaceans. From 1,200 cetaceans necropsied, CLL were only observed in striped dolphins (Stenella coeruleoalba), with a low prevalence (2%), and recapitulated pathologic features of Budd-Chiari syndrome in humans. Our results strongly suggest that CLL are the result of the combination of pre-existing or concomitant hepatic vascular disorder (e.g., severe hepatobiliary trematodiasis) superimposed and exacerbated by gas bubbles, and clearly differ from acute systemic gas embolism in stranded beaked whales linked to MFAS.

pathology↗
bioRxiv2022

Class-Controlled Copy-Paste Based Cell Segmentation for CoNIC Challenge

Muti-class cell segmentation in histopathology images is a challenging task. Here, we propose a copy-paste augmentation-based method for CoNIC challenge. As the challenge train data is severely class imbalanced. To deal with it, we copy all cell objects of train data and paste them to the train image on the fly while training model. The paste strategy is that we paste more cell objects of the insufficient classes and paste less cell objects for the sufficient classes. We experimented the method by stratified splitting train data in 4:1 ratio, the result shows the copy paste method can reach PQ 64.84 and mPQ 53.72, which improved and 0.66 compared to without copy pasted. Moreover, the improvements in those insufficient classes is more obvious.

pathology↗