Renalase is a novel tissue and serological biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Gao, Y.; Wang, M.; Guo, X.; Hu, J.; Chen, T.-m.; Finn, S.; Lacy, J.; Kunstman, J.; Cha, C.; Bellin, M.; Robert, M.; Desir, G.; Gorelick, F. S.

doi:10.1101/2021.04.12.439422

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2021.04.12.439422

Renalase is a novel tissue and serological biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Gao, Y.·Wang, M.·Guo, X.·Hu, J.·Chen, T.-m.·Finn, S.·Lacy, J.·Kunstman, J.·Cha, C.·Bellin, M.·Robert, M.·Desir, G.·Gorelick, F. S.

View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Dysregulated expression of the secretory protein renalase (RNLS) can promote pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) growth in animal models. We characterized RNLS expression in premalignant and malignant PDAC tissue and investigated whether plasma RNLS levels corresponded to clinical PDAC characteristics. RNLS immunohistochemistry was used to determine the presence and distribution of RNLS in normal pancreas, chronic pancreatitis, PDAC precursor lesions, and PDAC tissues. Associations between pretreatment plasma RNLS and PDAC clinical status were assessed in patients with varied clinical stages of PDAC and included tumor characteristics, surgical resection in locally advanced/borderline resectable PDAC, and overall survival. Data were retrospectively obtained and correlated using non-parametric analysis. Mild to no RNLS was detected by histochemistry in the normal pancreas in the absence of abdominal trauma. In chronic pancreatitis, RNLS immunoreactivity localized to peri-acinar spindle-shaped cells in some samples. It was also widely present in PDAC precursor lesions and PDAC tissue. Among 240 patients with PDAC, elevated plasma RNLS levels were associated with worse tumor characteristics, including greater angiolymphatic invasion (80.0% vs. 58.1%, p = 0.012) and greater node positive disease (76.5% vs. 56.5%, p = 0.024). Overall survival was worse in patients with high plasma RNLS levels with median follow-up of 27.70 months vs. 65.03 months (p < 0.001). RNLS levels also predicted whether patients with locally advanced/borderline resectable (LA/BR) PDAC underwent resection (AUC 0.674; 95%CI 0.42-0.82, p = 0.04). Overall tissue RNLS was increased in both premalignant and malignant PDAC tissues compared to normal pancreas. Elevated plasma RNLS levels were associated with advanced tumor characteristics, decreased overall survival, and reduced resectability in patients with LA/BR PDAC. These studies show that RNLS levels are increased in premalignant pancreatic tissues and that its levels in plasma correspond to the clinical behavior of PDAC.

Source connections

Published article ↗

Explore related subjects

cancer biology Preprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeX RIS

Gao, Y., Wang, M., Guo, X., Hu, J., Chen, T.-m., Finn, S., Lacy, J., Kunstman, J., Cha, C., Bellin, M., Robert, M., Desir, G., Gorelick, F. S.. 2021-04-12. Renalase is a novel tissue and serological biomarker in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.04.12.439422

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

The methionine cycle sustains the mesenchymal phenotype of tumor cells and drives PDA progression

Mesenchymal traits are associated with poor prognosis in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDA), but direct targeting of mesenchymal tumor cells remains a challenge. Metabolic profiling of tumor cells isolated from murine PDA and liver metastases (LM) revealed that LM rely more on the methionine cycle than does primary PDA. This metabolic shift was specifically associated with increased activation of the methionine cycle in mesenchymal tumor cells compared to differentiated tumor cells. We show that the targeting of the key enzyme of the methionine cycle S-adenosylhomocysteine hydrolase (SAHH) in mesenchymal cells lowers the levels of homocysteine (Hcy) and glutathione, resulting in reduced antioxidant capacity, deregulated intracellular calcium homeostasis, and ultimately loss of mesenchymal markers. Together, these events decrease cell proliferation and invasion, blunting the tumorigenic and metastatic potential of SAHH-deficient cells, eventually impeding tumor growth and progression of the metastatic disease. Clinically, the high expression of SAHH in patients with mesenchymal PDA is correlated with poor survival, positioning SAHH as a potential therapeutic target to impede the pro-metastatic, mesenchymal phenotype of PDA.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Arrest-associated transcriptional programmes outweigh apoptosis-associated programmes in treatment-naive pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma

Background: Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is driven by mutant KRAS, and RAS inhibitors now extend survival in previously treated metastatic disease. Whether treatment shrinks a tumour or only halts its growth depends partly on whether cancer cells die or stop dividing, yet how untreated PDAC cells are balanced between these programmes is unknown. Aims: We aimed to characterise the balance between apoptosis-associated and arrest-associated transcriptional programmes in treatment-naive PDAC and to examine their relationships with tumour subtype, TGM2 expression, tissue organisation, survival and drug sensitivity. Methods and results: We scored 52,999 malignant cells from 18 untreated patients in the Hwang atlas using a transcriptional contrast between genes associated with apoptosis and genes associated with resistance to apoptosis or cell-cycle arrest. In every patient the contrast was shifted toward the arrest-associated side: using equality between the two sides as the dividing threshold, 86.3% of cells with an informative score fell on that side, although the proportion depends on the threshold chosen. The shift recurred in the independent Steele atlas (median 71.6% per sample, range 37.1% to 90.8%). In the discovery cohort, tumours with higher basal-like scores had fewer arrest-side cells, and TGM2 expression was modestly higher on the arrest-associated side in both cohorts. The contrast did not track cell-line drug sensitivity or survival in bulk tumours. Conclusion: Untreated PDAC cells show a reproducible transcriptional bias toward anti-apoptotic and cell-cycle-arrest programmes. Whether this bias predicts cellular responses to treatment remains to be tested.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2026

Quantitative live imaging reveals region-dependent medulloblastoma disseminationin the zebrafish brain

Medulloblastoma is the most common malignant pediatric brain tumor, and relapse is frequently driven by dissemination within the central nervous system. Yet the early dynamics of tumor spread remain difficult to resolve in vivo. Here, we orthotopically transplanted human medulloblastoma cells into larval zebrafish and followed individual xenografts by longitudinal high-resolution confocal imaging. ONS-76 showed particularly robust dissemination, with hindbrain tumors spreading into the developing cerebellum in 81.5% of larvae, more than fourfold the frequency observed for forebrain or midbrain tumors. Disseminating cells extended along brain-surface and leptomeningeal-like regions and frequently associated with cerebral vasculature. Quantitative analysis of tumor area, perimeter, compactness, convex hull area, and fractal dimension captured changes in growth and spatial complexity over time. Dasatinib reduced tumor expansion and dissemination-related features in a concentration-dependent manner, while higher doses revealed host toxicity. These findings establish a powerful in vivo model for resolving medulloblastoma dissemination and therapeutic response.

cancer biology↗