bioRxiv Science⌕ Search
Home/Archive/bioRxiv

bioRxiv · 10.1101/2021.03.01.433377

Parvalbumin Interneurons Inhibition onto BLA Projecting Neurons of the Anterior Insula Orchestrates Aversive Taste Memory Retrieval

Yiannakas, A.·Chandran, S. K.·Kayyal, H.·Gould, N.·Khamaisy, M.·Rosenblum, K.
View original source ↗Export metadata ↓

Abstract

Memory retrieval refers to the fundamental ability of organisms to make use of acquired, sometimes inconsistent, information about the world. While memory acquisition has been studied extensively, the neurobiological mechanisms underlying memory retrieval remain largely unknown. The anterior insula (aIC) is indispensable in the ability of mammals to retrieve associative information regarding tastants that have been previously linked with gastric malaise. Here, we show that aversive taste memory retrieval promotes cell-type-specific activation in the aIC. Aversive, but not appetitive taste memory retrieval, relies on specific changes in activity and connectivity at parvalbumin (PV) inhibitory synapses onto aIC pyramidal neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala. PV aIC interneurons, coordinate aversive taste memory retrieval, and are necessary for its dominance when conflicting internal representations are encountered. This newly described interaction of PV and a subset of excitatory neurons can explain the coherency of aversive memory retrieval, an evolutionary pre-requisite for animal survival. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=188 SRC="FIGDIR/small/433377v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (39K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1e73ba2org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fc234dorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@719d74org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1184bb9_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG O_LIRetrieval of Conditioned Taste Aversion (CTA) memories at the anterior insular cortex activates Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons and increases synaptic inhibition onto activated pyramidal neurons projecting to the basolateral amygdala (aIC-BLA). C_LIO_LIUnlike innately appetitive taste memory retrieval, CTA retrieval increases the amplitude and frequency of synaptic inhibition onto aIC-BLA projecting neurons, that is dependent on activity in aIC PV interneurons. C_LIO_LIActivation of aIC PV interneurons is necessary for the expression of learned taste avoidance, in both sexes, regardless of stimulus identity. C_LIO_LIExtinction of aversive taste memories suppresses the frequency, but not the amplitude of synaptic inhibition on aIC-BLA projecting neurons. C_LIO_LIThe reinstatement of aversive taste memories following extinction is dependent upon activation of aIC PV interneurons and increases in the frequency of inhibition on aIC-BLA projecting neurons. C_LI

Source connections

Explore related subjects

neurosciencePreprint

Keep this discovery

Explore connections, maps & timelines

BibTeXRIS

Yiannakas, A., Chandran, S. K., Kayyal, H., Gould, N., Khamaisy, M., Rosenblum, K.. 2021-03-02. Parvalbumin Interneurons Inhibition onto BLA Projecting Neurons of the Anterior Insula Orchestrates Aversive Taste Memory Retrieval. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.03.01.433377

Cite the original work for its findings. Save a collection to share your selection of sources.

KEEP EXPLORING

Related preprints

bioRxiv2026

The Unreasonable Effectiveness of Cell Types in Describing Neuronal Physiological Features

Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) captures detailed gene expression profiles at scale, while patch-clamp recordings measure intrinsic neuronal electrophysiological properties. Modeling the relations between these two modalities remains a challenge. Here, we compare how well electrophysiological features can be predicted by traditional transcriptomic cell type classification, representations derived from a foundational model (scGPT) pretrained on large-scale scRNA-seq datasets, ion channel-coding genes, and highly variable genes. Using paired transcriptomic and electrophysiological patch-sequencing data from 495 human neurons from neurosurgical tissue, we find that cluster-level cell type representations consistently outperform highly variable gene selection, ion channel gene selection, and context-enriched scGPT embeddings. Notably, performance varies across model architectures and initializations, and the best results are obtained by combining the outputs of separate cell type and scGPT-based models. Together, these findings suggest that traditional discrete cellular classification is highly effective in predicting physiological features. For maximum performance it can be complemented by pretrained transformer models.

neuroscience↗
bioRxiv2026

A nonlinear inhibition pathway underlying cortical responses to tuned holographic optogenetic perturbations

Optogenetics enables causal manipulation of cortical activity. Perturbation responses can be counterintuitive due to network interactions, making theory essential for predicting them. Existing approaches often rely on linear approximations, which fail for many biologically relevant perturbations. Here we develop a nonlinear theory of responses to holographic perturbations in cell-type-specific recurrent networks with structured connectivity. We fit a nonlinear model to mouse V1 data, which shows cotuned-ensemble suppression: perturbing spatially clustered neurons with similar preferred orientations yields markedly stronger short-range suppression than perturbing untuned ensembles. We show that cotuned-ensemble suppression arises from a feature-tuned, nonlinear inhibition pathway implicating somatostatin-positive (SST) interneurons. The theory predicts that cotuned ensembles suppress parvalbumin-positive (PV) neurons but facilitate SST neurons, and links the degree of cotuned-ensemble suppression or facilitation to the variance of the SST response. This framework identifies mechanisms by which nonlinear inhibition sculpts cortical dynamics and establishes a predictive basis for targeted optogenetic interventions.

neuroscience↗
bioRxiv2026

Proteomic signatures of APOE ε4 across human tissues and cell types in Alzheimers disease

The apolipoprotein E {varepsilon}4 (APOE {varepsilon}4) allele is the strongest genetic risk factor for late-onset Alzheimers disease (AD). However, the underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. This study included 1691 participants from the Religious Orders Study and Rush Memory and Aging Project (ROSMAP), 1226 participants from the Accelerating Medicines Partnership - Alzheimers Disease (AMP-AD) Diverse Cohorts Study, and 735 participants from the Alzheimers Disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). To characterise APOE {varepsilon}4 molecular effects, we analysed proteomic data from plasma, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), and induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC)-derived astrocytes and neurons, as well as transcriptomic and proteomic data from multiple brain regions. The association of APOE {varepsilon}4 with AD neuropathology was also examined. APOE {varepsilon}4 carriers shared a plasma proteomic signature enriched for immune processes, irrespective of AD diagnosis. A machine learning classifier trained on this signature discriminated APOE {varepsilon}4 carriers from non-carriers in an independent cohort using CSF proteomics. APOE {varepsilon}4 carriage was associated with higher Braak stages and Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimers Disease (CERAD) score. However, only limited APOE {varepsilon}4-associated transcriptomic and proteomic changes were observed in bulk brain tissue, with poor cross-layer concordance. Proteomic analyses of iPSC-derived astrocytes and neurons further revealed cell-type-specific APOE {varepsilon}4-associated changes. APOE {varepsilon}4 is associated with a consistent proteomic signature across plasma and CSF. Its molecular effects in the brain differ across cell types, brain regions and molecular layers. These findings support the need for cell-type-resolved multi-omic studies to elucidate how APOE {varepsilon}4 confers AD risk.

neuroscience↗