Mapping yeast mitotic 5' resection at base resolution reveals the sequence and positional dependence of nucleases in vivo

Abstract

Resection of the 5-terminated strand at DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) is the critical regulated step in the transition to homologous recombination. Biochemical and genetic studies have led to a multi-step model of DSB resection in which endonucleolytic cleavage mediated by Mre11 in partnership with Sae2 is coupled with exonucleolytic cleavage mediated by redundant pathways catalyzed by Exo1 and Sgs1/Dna2. These models have not been well tested at mitotic DSBs in vivo because most methods used to monitor resection cannot precisely map early cleavage events. Here we report resection monitoring with high-throughput sequencing in which molecular identifiers allow exact counting of cleaved 5 ends at base pair resolution. Mutant strains, including exo1{Delta}, mre11-H125N, exo1{Delta} and exo1{Delta} sgs1{Delta}, revealed a major Mre11-dependent cleavage position 60 to 70 bp from the DSB end whose exact position depended on local sequence and tracked a possible motif. They further revealed an Exo1-dependent pause point approximately 200 bp from the DSB. Suppressing resection extension in exo1{Delta} sgs1{Delta} yeast exposed a footprint of regions where cleavage was restricted within 119 bp of the DSB. These results provide detailed in vivo support of prevailing models of DSB resection and extend them to show the combined influence of sequence specificity and access restrictions on Mre11 and Exo1 nucleases.