Saccharomyces cerevisiae deficient in the early anaphase release of Cdc14 can traverse anaphase I without ribosomal DNA disjunction and successfully complete meiosis

Abstract

Eukaryotic meiosis is a specialized cell cycle involving two successive nuclear divisions that lead to the formation of haploid gametes. The phosphatase Cdc14 plays an essential role in meiosis as revealed in studies of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cdc14 is stored in the nucleolus, a sub-nuclear domain containing the ribosomal DNA, and its release is regulated by two distinct pathways, one acting in early anaphase I of meiosis and a second at the exit from meiosis II. The early anaphase release is thought to be important for disjunction of the ribosomal DNA, disassembly of the anaphase I spindle, spindle pole re-duplication and the counteraction of CDK, all of which are required for progression into meiosis II. The release of Cdc14 from its nucleolar binding partner Net1 is stimulated by phosphorylation of cyclin-dependent kinase sites in Net1, but the importance of that phospho-regulation in meiosis is not well understood. We induced net1-6cdk mutant cells to enter meiosis and examined the localization of Cdc14 and various indicators of meiotic progression. The net1-6cdk mutations inhibit, but dont fully prevent Cdc14 release, and they almost completely prevent disjunction of the ribosomal DNA during meiosis I. Failure to disjoin the ribosomal DNA is lethal in mitosis, and we expected the same to be true in meiosis. However, the cells were able to complete meiosis II, yielding the expected four meiotic products as viable spores. Therefore, all ribosomal DNA disjunction required for meiosis can occur in meiosis II. We discuss the implications of these findings for our understanding of meiotic chromosome segregation.