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bioRxiv · 10.1101/2020.12.06.413880

Distinctive functional regime of endogenous lncRNAs in dark regions of human genome

WANG, A.·Hai, R.
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Abstract

Eukaryotic genomes gradually gain noncoding regions when advancing evolution and human genome actively transcribes >90% of its noncoding regions1, suggesting their criticality in evolutionary human genome. Yet <1% of them have been functionally characterized2, leaving most human genome in dark. Here we systematically decode endogenous lncRNAs located in unannotated regions of human genome and decipher a distinctive functional regime of lncRNAs hidden in massive RNAseq data. LncRNAs divergently distribute across chromosomes, independent of protein-coding regions. Their transcriptions barely initiate on promoters through polymerase II, but mostly on enhancers. Yet conventional enhancer activators(e.g. H3K4me1) only account for a small proportion of lncRNA activation, suggesting alternatively unknown mechanisms initiating the majority of lncRNAs. Meanwhile, lncRNA-self regulation also notably contributes to lncRNA activation. LncRNAs trans-regulate broad bioprocesses, including transcription and RNA processing, cell cycle, respiration, response to stress, chromatin organization, post-translational modification, and development. Overall lncRNAs govern their owned regime distinctive from proteins.

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WANG, A., Hai, R.. 2020-12-07. Distinctive functional regime of endogenous lncRNAs in dark regions of human genome. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.12.06.413880

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