Free-living marine nematodes diversity at Ponta Delgada-Sao Miguel (Azores archipelago, North-East Atlantic Ocean): first results from shallow soft-bottom habitats

Abstract

Contrasting (sand, algae, rocky-dominated, mixed) benthic habitats were sampled to characterize marine nematode diversity inhabiting surface sediments in Sao Miguel (Azores, North-East Atlantic Ocean) in July 2019. Nematodes were extracted from the surface layer of sediments and morphologically identified using light microscopy. Nematode taxonomy was based on living/fresh specimens) to ensure a suitable recognition of morphological traits. Our results provide a preliminary checklist of free-living marine nematode genera from 21 intertidal and sublittoral sandy beach sites along the coast of Sao Miguel island, Azores archipelago, Portugal. The nematode fauna was represented by 4 orders, 21 families, and 43 genera. Cyatholaimus, Desmodora and Daptonema had two morphospecies each. Enoplida was represented by 8 families and 13 genera, while Chromadorida by 7 families and 18 genera, the latter corresponding to the most diverse nematode group. Monhysterida had 5 families and 10 genera and Araeolaimida was represented by a single 1 family and 2 genera. The most common genera (i.e., accounting for 75% of all organisms) included Adoncholaimus (most abundant genus, 32 specimens), Axonolaimus (18), Cyatholaimus (17), Enoploides (13), Rhabdocoma, and Acanthopharynx (11). Viscosia and Enoplolaimus were represented by 7 specimens, whilst Halalaimus, Desmoscolex, Monophostia, Daptonema, and Theristus obtained only 6 each. The dominant nematode taxa of Sao Miguel island have been commonly previously reported in other coastal habitats including sandy beaches. They can be considered typical meiofaunal components of intertidal sandy beaches. Many of the nematode morphotypes found in Sao Miguel island could represent new species to science. As far as we know, this is the first report on free-living nematodes for Sao Miguel Island and for marine shallow water in the Azores. Our findings will serve as an import baseline for future research aiming to improve our understating of nematode communities in volcanic islands such as Sao Miguel in the Azores archipelago.