Musashi regulates follicle stem cell maintenance and epithelial niche homeostasis in the Drosophila ovary

Abstract

The Drosophila ovary is regenerated from germline and somatic stem cell populations that have provided fundamental conceptual understanding on how adult stem cells are regulated within their niches. Recent ovarian transcriptomic studies have failed to identify mRNAs that are specific to follicle stem cells (FSCs), suggesting that their fate may be regulated post-transcriptionally. We have identified that the RNA-binding protein, Musashi (Msi) is required for maintaining the stem cell state of FSCs. Loss of msi function results in stem cell loss, not due to cell death, but mutant FSCs upregulate Lamin C, indicating a change in differentiation state. In msi mutant ovaries, Lamin C upregulation was also observed in posterior escort cells and mutant somatic cells within regions 2/3 were dysfunctional, as evidenced by the presence of germline cyst collisions and fused egg chambers. The msi locus produces two classes of mRNAs (long and short). We show that FSC maintenance and escort cell function specifically requires the long transcripts, thus providing the first evidence of isoform-specific regulation in a population of Drosophila epithelial cells. We further demonstrate that although male germline stem cells have previously been shown to require Msi function to prevent differentiation this is not the case for female germline stem cells, indicating that these similar stem cell types have different requirements for Msi, in addition to the differential use of Msi isoforms between soma and germline.