Mupirocin-associated temporal changes in the nasal microbiota and host’s antimicrobial responses: A pilot study in healthy staphylococcal carriers

Liu, S.-H.; Tang, Y.-C.; Lin, Y.-H.; Chen, K.-F.; Chen, C.-J.; Huang, Y.-C.; Chen, L. Y.

doi:10.1101/126375

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bioRxiv · 10.1101/126375

Mupirocin-associated temporal changes in the nasal microbiota and host’s antimicrobial responses: A pilot study in healthy staphylococcal carriers

Liu, S.-H.·Tang, Y.-C.·Lin, Y.-H.·Chen, K.-F.·Chen, C.-J.·Huang, Y.-C.·Chen, L. Y.

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Abstract

BackgroundHow mupirocin affects the human nasal microbiota over time remains uncharacterized.\n\nMethodsWe repeatedly sampled the anterior nares of four healthy staphylococcal carriers before and after mupirocin use. By sequencing bacterial 16S ribosomal cDNA, we characterized sequential changes in the carriage status, the nasal microbiota, and the hosts antimicrobial peptide expression up to 90 days after decolonization.\n\nResultsBefore mupirocin use, the nasal microbiota differed by the initial, culture-based staphylococcal carriage status, with Firmicutes (54.1%) being the most predominant in carriers and Proteobacteria (75.8%) in the only noncarrier. The nasal microbiota became less diverse (Shannon diversity: 1.33, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.54) immediately after decolonisation than that before decolonisation (1.78, 95%CI: 0.58-1.93). Based on results of differential abundance analysis, Firmicutes were significantly enriched (log2 fold changes [≥] 4, Benjamini-Hochberg adjusted P < .01) while Actinobacteria, particularly Corynbebacterium, were relatively depleted in samples from staphylococcal carriers. Results of nonmetric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) and constrained correspondence analysis (CCA) also suggested that the initial staphylococcal carriage status, human neutrophil peptide 1 levels, and sampling times were major contributors to the between-community dissimilarities (P for marginal permutation test: .014) though the significance attenuated when within-group correlation was considered (P for blocked permutation test: .047).\n\nConclusionThese findings suggest that large-scale investigations on antibiotic effects on the human nasal microbiota are warranted.

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Liu, S.-H., Tang, Y.-C., Lin, Y.-H., Chen, K.-F., Chen, C.-J., Huang, Y.-C., Chen, L. Y.. 2017-04-11. Mupirocin-associated temporal changes in the nasal microbiota and host’s antimicrobial responses: A pilot study in healthy staphylococcal carriers. https://doi.org/10.1101/126375

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