TY - RPRT TI - Dopamine reward prediction error signal encodes effort cost as negative reward value AU - Burrell, M. AU - Pastor-Bernier, A. AU - Schultz, W. PY - 2026 DO - 10.64898/2026.11.11.765978 UR - https://www.biorxiv.org/content/10.64898/2026.11.11.765978v1 ID - 10.64898/2026.11.11.765978 ER -