Antibody-drug conjugates to treat bacterial biofilms
Implant-associated infections remain a grand unmet medical need because they involve biofilms that protect bacteria from the immune system and harbour antibiotic-tolerant persister cells. There is an urgent need for new biofilm-targeting therapies with antimicrobials, to treat these infections via a non-surgical way. In this work, we address this urgent medical need and engineer antibody-drug conjugates (ADC) that kill bacteria in suspension and in biofilms, in vitro and in vivo. The ADC contains an anti-neoplastic drug mitomycin C, which is also a potent antimicrobial against biofilms. While most ADCs are clinically validated as anti-cancer therapeutics where the drug is released after internalisation of the ADC in the target cell, the ADCs designed herein release the conjugated drug without cell entry. This is achieved with a novel mechanism of drug, which likely involves an interaction of ADC with thiols on the bacterial cell surface. ADC targeted towards bacteria were superior by the afforded antimicrobial effects compared to the non-specific counterpart, in suspension and within biofilms, in vitro and in vivo. An implant-associated murine osteomyelitis model was then used to demonstrate the ability of the antibody to reach the infection, and the superior antimicrobial efficacy compared to standard antibiotic treatment in vivo. Our results illustrate the development of ADCs into a new area of application with a significant translational potential.