Biology subjects

Zamorano, C. A.

Publications and source records attributed to Zamorano, C. A..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

An integrated microfluidic and fluorescence platform for probing in vivo neuropharmacology

Neurotechnologies and genetic tools for dissecting neural circuit functions have advanced rapidly over the past decade, although the development of complementary pharmacological method-ologies has comparatively lagged. Understanding the precise pharmacological mechanisms of neuroactive compounds is critical for advancing basic neurobiology and neuropharmacology, as well as for developing more effective treatments for neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. However, integrating modern tools for assessing neural activity in large-scale neural networks with spatially localized drug delivery remains a major challenge. Here, we present a dual microfluidic-photometry platform that enables simultaneous intracranial drug delivery with neural dynamics monitoring in the rodent brain. The integrated platform combines a wireless, battery-free, miniaturized fluidic microsystem with optical probes, allowing for spatially and temporally specific drug delivery while recording activity-dependent fluorescence using genetically encoded calcium indicators (GECIs), neurotransmitter sensors GRABNE and GRABDA, and neuropeptide sensors. We demonstrate the performance this platform for investigating neuropharmacological mechanisms in vivo and characterize its efficacy in probing precise mechanistic actions of neuroactive compounds across several rapidly evolving neuroscience domains.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Distinct dynamics and intrinsic properties in ventral tegmental area populations mediate reward association and motivation

Ventral tegmental area (VTA) dopamine neurons regulate reward-related associative learning and reward-driven motivated behaviors, but how these processes are coordinated by distinct VTA neuronal subpopulations remains unresolved. Here we examine the neural correlates of reward-related prediction-error, action, cue, and outcome encoding as well as effort exertion and reward anticipation during reward-seeking behaviors. We compare the contribution of two primarily dopaminergic and largely non-overlapping VTA subpopulations, all VTA dopamine neurons, and VTA GABAergic neurons of the mouse midbrain to these processes. The dopamine subpopulation that projects to the nucleus accumbens (NAc) core preferentially encodes prediction-error and reward-predictive cues. In contrast, the dopamine subpopulation that projects to the NAc shell preferentially encodes goal-directed actions and reflects relative reward anticipation. VTA GABA neuron activity strongly contrasts VTA dopamine population activity and preferentially encodes reward outcome and retrieval. Electrophysiology, targeted optogenetics, and whole-brain input mapping reveal heterogeneity among VTA dopamine subpopulations. Our results demonstrate that VTA subpopulations carry distinct reward-related learning and motivation signals and reveal a striking pattern of functional heterogeneity among projection-defined VTA dopamine neuron populations.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

Decreased myelin-related gene expression in the nucleus accumbens during spontaneous neonatal opioid withdrawal in the absence of long-term behavioral effects in adult outbred CFW mice

Prenatal opioid exposure is a major health concern in the United States, with the incidence of neonatal opioid withdrawal syndrome (NOWS) escalating in recent years. NOWS occurs upon cessation of in utero opioid exposure and is characterized by increased irritability, disrupted sleep patterns, high-pitched crying, and dysregulated feeding. The main pharmacological strategy for alleviating symptoms is treatment with replacement opioids. The neural mechanisms mediating NOWS and the long-term neurobehavioral effects are poorly understood. We used a third trimester-approximate model in which neonatal outbred pups (Carworth Farms White; CFW) were administered once-daily morphine (15 mg/kg, s.c.) from postnatal day (P) day 1 through P14 and were then assessed for behavioral and transcriptomic adaptations within the nucleus accumbens (NAc) on P15. We also investigated the long-term effects of perinatal morphine exposure on adult learning and reward sensitivity. We observed significant weight deficits, spontaneous thermal hyperalgesia, and altered ultrasonic vocalization (USV) profiles following repeated morphine and during spontaneous withdrawal. Transcriptome analysis of NAc from opioid-withdrawn P15 neonates via bulk mRNA sequencing identified an enrichment profile consistent with downregulation of myelin-associated transcripts. Despite the neonatal behavioral and molecular effects, there were no significant long-term effects of perinatal morphine exposure on adult spatial memory function in the Barnes Maze, emotional learning in fear conditioning, or in baseline or methamphetamine-potentiated reward sensitivity as measured via intracranial self-stimulation. Thus, the once daily third trimester-approximate exposure regimen, while inducing NOWS model traits and significant transcriptomic effects in neonates, had no significant long-term effects on adult behaviors. HIGHLIGHTSO_LIWe replicated some NOWS model traits via 1x-daily morphine (P1-P14). C_LIO_LIWe found a downregulation of myelination genes in nucleus accumbens on P15. C_LIO_LIThere were no effects on learning/memory or reward sensitivity in adults. C_LI

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2022

Opto-MASS: a high-throughput engineering platform for genetically encoded fluorescentsensors enabling all optical in vivo detection of monoamines and neuropeptides

Fluorescent sensor proteins are instrumental for detecting biological signals in vivo with high temporal accuracy and cell-type specificity. However, engineering sensors with physiological ligand sensitivity and selectivity is difficult because they need to be optimized through individual mutagenesis in vitro to assess their performance. The vast mutational landscape proteins constitute an obstacle that slows down sensor development. This is particularly true for sensors that require mammalian host systems to be screened. Here, we developed a novel high-throughput engineering platform that functionally tests thousands of variants simultaneously in mammalian cells and thus allows the screening of large variant numbers. We showcase the capabilities of our platform, called Optogenetic Microwell Array Screening System (Opto-MASS), by engineering novel monoamine and neuropeptide in vivo capable sensors with distinct physiological roles at high-throughput.

bioengineering↗