From prevalence to incidence - a new approach in the hospital setting
Point-prevalence surveys (PPSs) are often used to estimate the prevalence of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). Methods for estimating incidence of HAIs from prevalence have been developed, but application of these methods is often difficult because key quantities, like the average length of infection, cannot be derived directly from the data available in a PPS. We propose a new theory-based method to estimate incidence from prevalence data dealing with these limitations and compare it to other estimation methods in a simulation study. In contrast to previous methods, our method does not depend on any assumptions on the underlying distributions of length of infection and length of stay. As a basis for the simulation study we use data from the second study of nosocomial infections in Germany (Nosokomiale Infektionen in Deutschland, Erfassung und Pravention - NIDEP2) and the European surveillance of HAIs in intensive care units (HAI-Net ICU). The new method compares favourably with the other estimation methods and has the advantage of being consistent in its behaviour across the different setups. It is implemented in an R-package prevtoinc which will be freely available on CRAN (http://cran.r-project.org/).