Biology subjects

Yoshikawa, H.

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshikawa, H..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2020

Erosion of human X chromosome inactivation alters proteome expression from genes across the X chromosome and all autosomes

X chromosome inactivation (XCI) is a dosage compensation mechanism in female mammals whereby genes from one X chromosome are repressed. Analysis of human induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines using proteomics, RNAseq and polysome profiling showed a major change in the proteome upon XCI erosion. This resulted in amplified RNA and protein expression from X-linked genes. However, increased protein expression was also detected from autosomal genes without a corresponding mRNA increase, altering the protein-RNA correlation between genes on the X chromosome and autosomes. Eroded iPSC lines display ~13% increase in cell protein content, along with increased expression of ribosomal proteins, ribosome biogenesis and translation factors. They also showed significantly increased levels of active polysomes within the eroded lines. We conclude that erosion of XCI causes a major remodelling of the proteome, with translational mechanisms affecting the expression of a much wider range of proteins and disease-linked loci than previously realised.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2019

Differences in splicing defects between the grey and white matter in myotonic dystrophy type 1

Myotonic dystrophy type 1 (DM1) is a multi-system disorder caused by CTG repeats in the myotonic dystrophy protein kinase (DMPK) gene. This leads to sequestration of the splicing factor, muscleblind-like 2 (MBNL2), and aberrant splicing, mainly in the central nervous system. We investigated the splicing patterns of MBNL1/2 and genes controlled by MBNL2 in several regions of the brain and between the grey matter (GM) and white matter (WM) in DM1 patients using RT-PCR. Compared with the control, the percentage of spliced-in parameter (PSI) for most of the examined exons were significantly altered in most of the brain regions of DM1 patients, except for the cerebellum. The splicing of many genes was differently regulated between the GM and WM in both DM1 and control. The level of change in PSI between DM1 and control was higher in the GM than in the WM. The differences in alternative splicing between the GM and WM may be related to the effect of DM1 on the WM of the brain. We hypothesize that in DM1, aberrantly spliced isoforms in the neuronal cell body of the GM may not be transported to the axon. This might affect the WM as a consequence of Wallerian degeneration secondary to cell body damage. Our findings may have implications for analysis of the pathological mechanisms and exploring potential therapeutic targets.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2019

Characteristics of University Students Supported by Counseling Services: Analysis of psychological tests and pulse rate variability

ObjectiveThe number of students who use counseling services is increasing in universities. We clarified the characteristics of the students who access counseling services using both psychological tests and pulse rate variability (PRV).\n\nMethodsWe recruited the participants for this study from the students who had counseling sessions at Kanazawa University (Group S). As a control group, we also recruited students who had no experience in counseling sessions (Group H). We obtained health information from the database of annual health check-ups. Participants received the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (WAIS) III, Autism-Spectrum Quotient (AQ), Sukemune-Hiew (S-H) Resilience Test, and State-Trait Anxiety Inventory-JYZ (STAI). We also studied the SF-12v2 Health Survey. We examined the spectral analyses of pulse rate variability (PRV) by accelerating plethysmography. We performed linear analysis of PRV for LF, HF, and LF/HF as indexes of autonomic nervous function. We also performed non-linear analysis of PRV for the largest Lyapunov exponent (LLE). We examined participants blood for autoantibodies against glutamate decarboxylase (GAD) 65.\n\nResultsA total of 105 students participated in this study. Group S had 37 participants (Male: 26, Female: 11) and Group H had 68 participants (Male: 27, Female 41). There were 12 males and two females who had been diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in Group S. Group S had 1) lower Working Memory Index (WMI) despite relatively high Full-Scale IQ, 2) higher AQ scores, 3) lower resilience scores, 4) higher anxiety scores, 5)lower QOL in social health, and 6) shifting of autonomic nervous balance toward higher sympathetic activity. There were only two participants who had the anti-GAD65 antibody in Group S, and one participant had the anti-GAD65 antibody in Group H.\n\nConclusionThe results of our study revealed valuable information about the students who seek mental support in our university. Our results provide information that can be used in interventions for the university students who need counseling services.

neuroscience↗