Biology subjects

Yoshida, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Yoshida, A..

At least 19 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Intrinsic-like blood coagulation activity in fish: Involvement of hepatocyte growth factor activator and interspecific diversity

Most fish lack identifiable orthologs of factor XII and other components of the mammalian contact system; however, their plasma exhibits coagulation responses to negatively charged surfaces. Therefore, hepatocyte growth factor activator (HGFA), an evolutionary relative of factor XII, has been proposed as an initiator of factor XII-independent, contact activation-like coagulation in fish. To examine the distribution of this activity, we compared plasma from multiple fish species using an activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT)-like assay. Thrombin substrate-cleaving activity was detected under aPTT-like conditions in multiple species lacking identifiable factor XII orthologs, demonstrating that factor XII-independent intrinsic pathway-like activity is broadly distributed among fish. To assess the involvement of factor XII- or HGFA-related proteases, we performed inhibitor assays. The observed inhibitor sensitivities did not consistently support HGFA as the principal initiator of the activity. We next compared the occurrence and intensity of the activity with the genomic presence and domain organization of HGFA orthologs. Neither the presence nor the magnitude of the activity closely corresponded to HGFA occurrence or structure; notably, activity was detected in bichir, in which no clear HGFA ortholog has been identified. Finally, comparative domain analysis showed that fish HGFA generally lacks several structural features associated with the surface-dependent autoactivation of mammalian factor XII. These findings indicate that factor XII-independent, contact activation-like coagulation is broadly present in fish but cannot be explained solely by HGFA. Fish may therefore possess diverse or unidentified proteolytic mechanisms that initiate coagulation under aPTT-like conditions, providing insights into the evolutionary emergence of the vertebrate contact system.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2026

A chromosome-level genome assembly of the classical model nematode Panagrellus redivivus for comparative studies of parasitism evolution

Panagrellus redivivus is a free-living nematode that served as an early model system for nematode biology prior to Caenorhabditis elegans. As a member of Clade IV, a clade harboring major plant-parasitic (e.g., Bursaphelenchus xylophilus) and animal-parasitic (e.g., Strongyloides spp.) species, P. redivivus represents a crucial, phylogenetically proximate non-parasitic reference for investigating the evolution of parasitism. Here, we present a chromosome-level genome assembly of P. redivivus constructed using Oxford Nanopore long reads, Illumina short reads, and Hi-C scaffolding. The assembly is resolved into five chromosome-scale scaffolds, with completeness validated by Hi-C contact maps and the identification of a non-canonical telomeric repeat motif. The assembly demonstrates high gene-space completeness (97.1% BUSCO) and contains 17,839 predicted protein-coding genes. Comparative orthology analysis revealed extensive orthogroup sharing between P. redivivus and Clade IV parasites, enabling comparative evolutionary studies with reduced confounding effects from deep lineage divergence. This high-quality genome provides a key resource for investigating the genetic basis of distinctive biological traits, including ovoviviparity, as well as gene family dynamics and parasite evolution.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2026

Parallel basal ganglia and frontal cortical outputs differentially encode context-dependent evaluation and categorical commitment during choice

Adaptive choice requires transforming the evaluation of available options into commitment to a specific action but understanding how this transformation is implemented across neural circuits remains a central challenge. Here we recorded well-isolated neurons in the substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) and frontal eye field (FEF), which send parallel projections to the superior colliculus for driving the eye movement choice, while monkeys performed a sequential-offer choice task designed to partially dissociate scene-defined ordinal rank from the categorical commitment. Before target onset, SNr displayed stronger scene-related modulation than FEF. During target evaluation, SNr activity showed ordered modulation across behavioral outcomes dominated by ordinal rank, whereas FEF activity categorically separated acceptance from rejection and strongly encoded target direction. Behavioral model decomposition revealed that ordinal rank alone best explained SNr activity, outperforming both reward magnitude and even a composite acceptability measure that incorporated rank together with reward, scene context, and waiting cost, whereas FEF activity was best explained by categorical commitment. This dissociation was consistent across multivariable modeling, single-neuron response patterns, and all three monkeys. Together, these findings support a division of labor in which context-dependent evaluation and categorical commitment are distributed across parallel basal ganglia and frontal cortical output pathways to efficiently guide voluntary choices.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2026

Active and unusually expanded PIF/Harbinger transposable elements in the Caenorhabditis inopinata genome

BackgroundTransposable elements (TEs) serve as powerful drivers of genome innovation but also threaten genome integrity. The PIF/Harbinger superfamily is distinctive among DNA transposons because mobilisation typically requires proteins, a DDE transposase and a MADF DNA-binding protein. Caenorhabditis inopinata, the closest known relative of C. elegans, has a TE-rich genome and lacks multiple components of the ERGO-1-class endogenous small-RNA pathway, making it a useful system for examining TE dynamics in a distinct host context. We identified a spontaneous dumpy mutant of C. inopinata caused by insertion of a PIF/Harbinger-family element into the coding region of Cin-dpy-11. The inserted element, designated Harbinger-1M_cIno, belongs to the Turmoil2 lineage originally defined in C. elegans and retains a MADF domain but lacks a recognisable DDE transposase ORF. Genome-wide curation recovered 258 related copies, revealing a strongly asymmetric family structure. Short noncoding derivatives were predominant, MADF-bearing derivatives were expanded and only one DDE-bearing locus retained an apparently intact transposase gene, suggesting that DDE and MADF functions are partitioned across distinct elements and may be supplied in trans during mobilisation. We also identified a second PIF/Harbinger-derived family, Harbinger-2M_cIno, associated with the Turmoil1 lineage. This family comprises 1,376 copies and therefore records substantial past amplification, but it lacks a detectable DDE source, shows greater sequence divergence and more degraded terminal structures than Harbinger-1M_cIno. Together, these data indicate that the two PIF/Harbinger lineages in C. inopinata differ not in whether amplification occurred, but in when it occurred and whether present-day mobilisation competence has been retained.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2025

Beyond the Brake: the Subthalamic Nucleus Predominantly Facilitates Action in Non-human Primates

The subthalamic nucleus (STN) is a core component of the basal ganglia circuitry, traditionally viewed as a "brake" that suppresses motor output via the indirect and hyperdirect pathways. While this model explains certain aspects of motor control, it fails to account for the complex involvement of the STN in dynamic, value-based behaviors. Movement-related increases in STN neuronal activity have been well documented across species, but the functional organization of these responses during value-based decisions has remained unclear. Here, we recorded 187 STN neurons from macaque monkeys performing a value-based sequential choice task. Data-driven clustering identified three functionally distinct populations. Two populations (comprising approximately 89% of task-responsive neurons) exhibited facilitative activity modulated by learned object value. Temporal alignment analysis revealed that the majority of these neurons were target-locked, suggesting a predominantly stimulus-driven evaluation signal rather than a strictly movement-locked command. A third, smaller population encoded a negative value signal upon presentation of unrewarded objects, independent of subsequent motor strategy. Response latencies of the facilitative STN populations systematically preceded those of functionally analogous populations in the GPe recorded during the same task paradigm, supporting an STN-GPe facilitative pathway for value-based action selection. These findings reveal a functional organization within the ventral STN in which evaluation of stimulus target value, beyond the traditional motor suppressive model, is the predominant mode of processing.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Catalytic regulation of CoA transferase by an NAD+-sensing accessory protein and protein acetylation

CoA transferases play essential roles in short-chain fatty acid metabolism by catalyzing the reversible transfer of CoA groups between acyl substrates. However, how their activities are regulated in response to cellular metabolic states remains unclear. Here we identify a dual regulatory mechanism of a CoA transferase from Thermus thermophilus, which is controlled by both interaction with an NAD+-sensing accessory protein and protein acetylation. The enzyme associates with an alanine dehydrogenase-like protein that lacks catalytic activity but binds NAD+ and NADH. Biochemical analyses revealed that inhibition occurs specifically upon NAD+ binding, but not NADH, indicating that the alanine dehydrogenase-like protein senses the intracellular NAD+/NADH ratio. Cryo-electron microscopy structures of the complex of CoA transferase and alanine dehydrogenase-like protein reveal the structural basis of this redox-dependent inhibition. Furthermore, acetylation of the CoA transferase alleviates the inhibition. Since the NAD+/NADH ratio and acetyl-CoA levels reflect the cellular energy and metabolic states, these findings uncover a previously unrecognized regulatory link through which redox sensing and acetylation cooperate to fine-tune the {beta}-oxidation flux.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2025

Programmed DNA elimination was present in the last common ancestor of Caenorhabditis nematodes

In most organisms, all cells inherit the same genome, and many mechanisms exist to preserve its integrity across cell divisions. Programmed DNA elimination (PDE), the targeted removal of specific genomic regions from somatic cell lineages during early embryogenesis, is a striking exception. Since its discovery in parasitic nematodes over a century ago, PDE has been observed in diverse eukaryotes, including ciliates, arthropods, and vertebrates. However, the mechanisms, functions, and evolutionary origins of PDE remain poorly understood. Here, we describe the discovery of PDE in three species of the free-living nematode genus Caenorhabditis. Multiple genomic regions are precisely eliminated from somatic cells during early embryogenesis, resulting in chromosome fragmentation and the loss of key germline genes. The sites of elimination are strongly associated with conserved sequence motifs that likely direct DNA breakage. Comparative analyses indicate that PDE was present in the last common ancestor of Caenorhabditis and subsequently lost early during the evolution of many species, including C. elegans. The presence of PDE in the ancestors of one of biologys most important model organisms, together with recent discoveries in other eukaryotic lineages, reveals PDE to be a far more widespread and significant feature of evolution and development than previously recognised.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2025

The E. coli CNF1 toxin induces fetal reprogramming of intestinal stem cells and a serrated colorectal cancer transcriptional signature in organoids

Mechanistic insights are essential to understand how gut microbiota pathobionts contribute to tumorigenesis, given the mounting evidence linking them to colorectal cancer. We report a higher prevalence of the Rho GTPases-targeting cnf1 toxin gene from Escherichia coli in the microbiota of early-stage, proximal colorectal cancer. Comparative gene set enrichment analysis reveals a concordant serrated pathway signature between colorectal cancer tissue of patients colonized with cnf1+ bacteria and CNF1-treated mouse intestinal organoids. RNA sequencing of organoids shows that CNF1 induces a fetal-like transcriptional reprogramming. Using integrated approaches, we demonstrate that CNF1 reprograms Lgr5 stem cells into a Ly6a/Sca-1 fetal-like state, that exhibits enhanced stemness potential. This reprogramming is preceded by a Yap/Taz-driven early transcriptional program and nuclear translocation of Yap. Functional analyses identify a RhoA/Rock-Yap/Taz-dependent transition to Ly6a/Sca-1 stem cells, highlighting a mechanistic link between bacterial effectors and stem cell plasticity in colorectal tumorigenesis.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2025

A chromosome-level genome resource for the lethal tapeworm Sparganum proliferum, with candidate genomic safe harbours for functional genetics

Sparganum proliferum is an enigmatic and highly proliferative cestode known for its ability to form invasive larval infections in mammalian hosts. Here, we present the first chromosome-level genome assembly for a member of the order Diphyllobothriidea, generated using a hybrid sequencing approach that integrates Oxford Nanopore/PacBio long-read sequencing, Illumina short-read sequencing, and Hi-C scaffolding. The final genome assembly spanned approximately 681 megabases (Mb) across nine chromosomes. BUSCO analysis revealed 81.9% completeness, whereas repeat annotation identified 55.8% of the genome as repetitive elements. Gene annotation uncovered approximately 29,000 protein-coding genes including [~]6200 transposon associated genes, highlighting the complex genomic landscape underlying parasitic lifestyles. Synteny analysis with other cestode linages including Echinococcus and Hymenolepis provided insights into the structural organisation and evolutionary trajectory of S. proliferum. In addition, we identified candidate genomic safe harbour (GSH) loci and promoters from housekeeping genes, offering potential for stable transgene integration. This high-quality genome serves as a critical resource for studying parasite evolution, host adaptation mechanisms, and the molecular basis of invasive proliferation in cestodes.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2025

Epitranscriptome-wide profiling identifies RNA editing events regulated by ADAR1 that are associated with DNA repair mechanisms in human TK6 cells

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) editing is an endogenous RNA modification in eukaryotes, catalyzed by adenosine deaminases acting on RNA (ADARs). This modification modulates the gene expression by influencing splicing, RNA stability, and coding potential, depending on the site of editing. Although recent studies suggest a crosstalk between A-to-I editing and transcripts involved in DNA repair, the extent and functional significance of this interaction remain unclear. To investigate this, we applied the EpiPlex RNA assay--a method enabling epitranscriptome-wide detection of RNA modifications--in human lymphoblastoid TK6 cells. Across two biological replicates, we identified 869 transcripts bearing A-to-I-modifications. Gene Ontology analysis revealed significant enrichment in genome maintenance pathways, including "chromatin remodeling" and "DNA repair." Notably, 27 transcripts encoding DNA repair proteins--such as ATM, FANCA, BRCA1, POLH, and XPA--contained A-to-I sites within introns or 3' untranslated regions. To assess the isoform-specific contributions of ADAR enzymes--specifically ADAR1 p150 and p110--to RNA editing, we generated p150-deficient (p150 KO) and p150/p110-deficient (p150/p110 KO) TK6 cells. A-to-I editing peaks were reduced by [~]73.4% in p150 KO cells and nearly abolished (99.9%) in p150/p110 KO cells, indicating that most editing sites are p150-dependent, while a notable subset relies on p110. Importantly, a novel splice variant of XPA emerged in ADAR1-deficient cells, suggesting a role for RNA editing in alternative splicing regulation. Our epitranscriptomic analysis of A-to-I RNA editing underscores a multifaceted role for ADAR1-dependent editing in preserving genome integrity through posttranscriptional regulation of DNA repair genes, laying the groundwork for future studies into RNA-based mechanisms of genome maintenance.

genetics↗

bioRxiv2025

Excitatory drive to the globus pallidus external segment facilitates action initiation in non-human primates

The external segment of the globus pallidus (GPe) has conventionally been regarded as a key relay in the indirect pathway of the basal ganglia, primarily mediating movement suppression; however, recent studies in rodents suggest a more complex role, including active facilitation of actions. Therefore, we investigated whether the primate GPe exhibits similar functional diversity by recording single-unit activity in two macaque monkeys performing a sequential choice task. This task separated processes of action initiation and suppression by requiring the monkeys to either accept a "good" object for reward or reject a "bad" object using one of multiple strategies. We identified three distinct neuronal clusters based on their firing patterns. Clusters 1 and 2 displayed elevated activity preceding contralateral saccades toward good objects, strongly correlating with shorter reaction times, suggesting a facilitative contribution. In contrast, Clusters 2 and 3 showed decreased activity during rejection of bad objects, reflecting proactive inhibition. Local pharmacological blockade of glutamate receptors within the caudodorsal GPe prolonged saccade latencies and reduced the frequency of rejection saccades, suggesting a causal role for excitatory drive in saccade facilitation. These findings expand the traditional view of the GPe beyond a purely inhibitory station, indicating that in primates it may simultaneously mediate both motor facilitation and proactive suppression. Our results emphasize the importance of characterizing circuit-specific and cell-type-specific roles of the GPe within basal ganglia networks, with implications for normal motor function and movement disorder pathophysiology under complex reward-based decision processes in non-human primates.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2025

Development of a 24-Channel 3T Phased-Array Coil for fMRI in Awake Monkeys - Mitigating Spatiotemporal Artifacts in Ferumoxytol-Weighted Functional Connectivity Estimation

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) of awake macaque monkeys holds promise for advancing our understanding of primate brain organization, including humans. However, estimating functional connectivity in awake animals is challenging due to the limited duration of imaging sessions and the relatively low sensitivity to neural activity. To overcome these challenges, we developed a 24-channel 3T receive radiofrequency (RF) coil optimized for parallel imaging of awake macaques. This enabled the acquisition of multiband and GRAPPA-accelerated ferumoxytol-weighted resting-state fMRI. The Human Connectome Project-style data processing pipelines were adapted to address the unique preprocessing demands of cerebral blood volume-weighted (CBVw) imaging, including motion correction, functional-to-structural image co-registration, and training a multi-run independent component analysis-based X-noiseifier (ICA-FIX) classifier for removal of structured artifacts. Our CBVw fMRI approach resulted in an elevated contrast-to-noise ratio compared to blood oxygenation level dependent (BOLD) imaging in anesthetized macaques. However, structured imaging artifacts still contributed more variance to the functional timeseries than neural activity. By applying the ICA-FIX classifier, we achieved highly reproducible parcellated functional connectivity at the single-subject level. At the group-level, we identified dense functional networks with spatial features homologous to those observed in humans. The developed RF receive coil, image acquisition protocols, and data analysis pipelines are publicly available, providing the broader scientific community with tools to leverage these advances for further research.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Contribution of glutamatergic projections to neurons in the nonhuman primate lateral substantia nigra pars reticulata for the reactive inhibition

The basal ganglia play a crucial role in action selection by facilitating desired movements and suppressing unwanted ones. The substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr), a key output nucleus, facilitates movement through disinhibition of the superior colliculus (SC). However, its role in action suppression, particularly in primates, remains less clear. We investigated whether individual SNr neurons in three male macaque monkeys bidirectionally modulate their activity to both facilitate and suppress actions and examined the role of glutamatergic inputs in suppression. Monkeys performed a sequential choice task, selecting or rejecting visually presented targets. Electrophysiological recordings showed SNr neurons decreased firing rates during target selection and increased firing rates during rejection, demonstrating bidirectional modulation. Pharmacological blockade of glutamatergic inputs to the lateral SNr disrupted saccadic control and impaired suppression of reflexive saccades, providing causal evidence for the role of excitatory input in behavioral inhibition. These findings suggest that glutamatergic projections, most likely from the subthalamic nucleus, drive the increased SNr activity during action suppression. Our results highlight conserved basal ganglia mechanisms across species and offer insights into the neural substrates of action selection and suppression in primates, with implications for understanding disorders such as Parkinsons disease. Significance StatementUnderstanding how the basal ganglia facilitate desired actions while suppressing unwanted ones is fundamental to neuroscience. This study shows that neurons in the primate substantia nigra pars reticulata (SNr) bidirectionally modulate activity to control action, decreasing firing rates to facilitate movements and increasing rates to suppress them. Importantly, we provide causal evidence that glutamatergic inputs to the lateral SNr mediate action suppression. These findings reveal a conserved mechanism of action control in primates and highlight the role of excitatory inputs in behavioral inhibition. This advances our understanding of basal ganglia function and has significant implications for treating movement disorders like Parkinsons disease.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

Fine-Tuning TAWAWA1-Mediated Panicle Architecture by Genome Editing of a Downstream Conserved Noncoding Sequence in Rice

Genome editing is a promising tool to enhance plant breeding, particularly for the generation of practical quantitative traits. We focused on the rice yield-related gene TAWAWA1 (TAW1) and produced various degrees of increased panicle branching phenotypes by modifying its downstream conserved noncoding sequence (CNS). Differential modification of two highly conserved regions containing putative repressive elements in this CNS caused transcriptional upregulation of TAW1, resulting in diverse phenotypes.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Inhibition of glutaminase elicits senolysis in therapy-induced senescent melanoma cells.

The cyclin D1-Cyclin-Dependent Kinases 4 and 6 (CDK4/6) complex is crucial for the development of melanoma. We previously demonstrated that targeting CDK4/6 using small molecule inhibitors (CDK4/6i) suppresses BrafV600E melanoma growth in vitro and in vivo through induction of cellular senescence. Clinical trials investigating CDK4/6i in melanoma have not yielded successful outcomes, underscoring the necessity to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of CDK4/6i. Accumulated research has shown that while senescence initially suppresses cell proliferation, a prolonged state of senescence eventually leads to tumor relapse by altering the tumor microenvironment, suggesting that removal of those senescent cells (in a process referred to as senolysis) is of clinical necessity to facilitate clinical response. We demonstrate that glutaminase 1 (GLS1) expression is specifically upregulated in CDK4/6i-induced senescent BrafV600E melanoma cells. Upregulated GLS1 expression renders BrafV600E melanoma senescent cells vulnerable to GLS1 inhibitor (GLS1i). Furthermore, we demonstrate that this senolytic approach targeting upregulated GLS1 expression is applicable even though those cells developed resistance to the BrafV600E inhibitor vemurafenib, a frequently encountered substantial clinical challenge to treating patients. Thus, this novel senolytic approach may revolutionize current CDK4/6i mediated melanoma treatment if melanoma cells undergo senescence prior to developing resistance to CDK4/6i. Given that we demonstrate that a low dose of vemurafenib induced senescence, which renders BrafV600E melanoma cells susceptible to GLS1i and recent accumulated research shows many cancer cells undergo senescence in response to chemotherapy, radiation, and immunotherapy, this senolytic therapy approach may prove applicable to a wide range of cancer types once senescence and GLS1 expression are induced. Key pointsUpregulated GLS1 expression renders senescent BrafV600E melanoma cells induced by CDK4/6 inhibitor (CDK4/6i) or vemurafenib susceptible to GLS1 inhibitor (GLS1i) even with BrafV600E inhibitor resistance. This senolytic therapy combining CDK4/6i and GLS1i provides insights into potential novel therapeutic strategies for metastatic melanoma and may be applicable to various types of cancers providing alternative therapy options.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Enhanced Visualization of Influenza A Virus Entry Using Virus-View Atomic Force Microscopy

Virus entry begins with attachment of virions to the cell surface, multivalent binding of viral proteins to receptors, signaling, and endocytosis. Using ViViD-AFM (Virus-View Dual confocal and Atomic Force Microscopy), we visualized the nanoscale morphology of influenza A virus (IAV) virions interacting with the cell membrane during virus entry. Following attachment to the cell surface, spherical IAV (90-100 nm in diameter) diffused in a sialic acid- and neuraminidase-dependent manner. Reduced diffusion signified the onset of clathrin coat assembly, followed by formation of actin-rich ruffles that promoted pit closure and IAV endocytosis. Cell surface ruffles sheared filamentous IAV (>1{micro}m in length) into shorter fragments that became internalized. ViViD-AFM is a powerful tool that provides nanoscale morphological insights of virus-cell membrane interplay in living cells.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Comparative genomic analysis of multidrug-resistant clinical isolates of Mycobacterium abscessus revealed worldwide horizontal plasmid transfer

Genetic epidemiological analysis of mobile genetic elements, such as plasmids, has rarely been carried out in Mycobacterium abscessus, regardless of its usefulness in speculating the past contact between bacteria. In this study, through whole genome sequencing analysis of clinical isolates of M. abscessus sequentially collected from the same patient, we identified a single nucleotide variant that could cause antibiotic resistance, and three plasmids (pMAB625-1, pMAB625-2 and pMAB625-3) not found in the type strain. We investigated the distribution of plasmids previously identified in M. abscessus, including pMAB625 plasmids, in 462 clinical isolates worldwide in silico. pMAB625-3 was detected in the largest number of isolates. Furthermore, phylogenetic tree analysis revealed that these plasmids transferred beyond regions and subspecies and acquired unique mutations. These results indicate that transmission of plasmids increases the genomic diversity in M. abscessus, and plasmid epidemiology is useful for estimating the past contact between bacteria.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2024

Delineating neural contributions to electroencephalogram-based speech decoding

Speech Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) have emerged as a pivotal technology in facilitating communication for individuals with speech impairments. Utilizing electroencephalography (EEG) for noninvasive speech BCIs offers an accessible and affordable solution, potentially benefiting a broader audience. However, EEG-based speech decoding remains controversial especially for overt speech, due to difficulties in separating speech-related neural activities from myoelectric potential artifacts generated during articulation. Here we aim to delineate the extent of the neural contributions by employing Explainable AI techniques to a convolutional neural network predicting spoken words based on signals obtained by ultra-high-density (uhd)-EEG. We found that electrode-wise contributions to the decoding cannot be explained by their mutual information with electromyography (EMG). Furthermore, contributing periods of speech to EEG-based decoding are distinct from those to decoding solely relying on EMG. In contrast, there are significant overlaps in signal timings contributing to EEG-based decoding, regardless of vocal conditions such as overt or covert speech. Notably, the denoising process successfully enhanced the decoding contribution from electrodes within speech-related brain areas for all speech conditions. Altogether, our findings support the idea that, with appropriate preprocessing, EEG becomes a valuable tool for decoding spoken words based on underlying neural activities.

neuroscience↗