Biology subjects

Ye, W.

Publications and source records attributed to Ye, W..

At least 37 records · Page 2Linked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Exploring the Role of Cotton CMF Genes in Salt Stress Tolerance: Insights from Phylogenetic, Expression, and Functional Analyses

Salt stress significantly limits cotton growth and development, making the improvement of salt tolerance critical. CMF genes, containing a single CCT domain, are promising targets for breeding programs. We identified 101 CMF genes from four cotton species. Phylogenetic analysis grouped these genes into six clusters closely related to Arabidopsis. Gene structure and motif analysis showed high conservation, while collinear analysis indicated segmental duplication as a key factor in CMF gene family expansion. Promoter analysis predicted involvement in light, abiotic stress, plant hormone responses, and growth. Expression analysis revealed differential expression of GhCMF genes across tissues, with some induced by abiotic stress. Co-expression network analysis indicated GhCMF14 interacts with other proteins to resist abiotic stress. Subcellular localization showed GhCMF14 in the nucleus. Silencing GhCMF14 enhanced salt tolerance, with higher chlorophyll and proline content, and lower MDA and H2O2 levels. This study provides insights into CMF gene regulation and their role in cotton salt stress tolerance.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Identification of Intrinsic Features for Cortical Separability of Human and Mouse Neurons

This work introduces a novel framework for holistic comparative analysis of cortical regions in mouse and human brains at single-neuron resolution, with a primary focus on the morphological and molecular characteristics of neurons. To do so, we generated one of the largest dendritic reconstruction datasets of cortical neurons to date, comprising 2,363 human neurons and 16,011 mouse neurons from the frontal, parietal, and temporal lobes, followed by establishing a rigorous procedure to identify anatomically and functionally corresponding brain regions with minimal variability in brain mapping. Additionally, we leveraged single nucleus/cell transcriptomic data from independent groups to validate the molecular correspondence of the brain regions identified in this study. The significance of these anatomically, functionally, and molecularly corresponding mouse-human region pairs is highlighted by examining the intrinsic features of their respective cortical regions. Our findings reveal that human neuron branching patterns differ dramatically from those in mouse brains, particularly in terms of dendritic branching frequency and normalized dendritic branching intervals. This difference is pronounced in the frontal and temporal lobes, underscoring the distinct neuronal architectures between the two species. At the single-neuron level, we found that neurons from the human frontal and parietal lobes are six times more separable than those from the same regions in mouse brains. This heightened separability is also observed between the frontal and temporal lobes, as well as between the parietal and temporal lobes in humans. We thoroughly explored the entire morphological feature space, along with its characteristic subspaces, and consistently found this distinct separability. Remarkably, this neuronal separability can be partially recapitulated when examining the global functional states of these brain lobes--using newly acquired Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) signals as physiological measures--as well as their global metabolic states, molecular profiles, and cortical geometry. These findings suggest that our comparative analysis of single-neuron intrinsic features could serve as a valuable foundation for future comprehensive studies of cross-species brain structures and functions.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2024

The maternal vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 signaling relay system controls offspring wing dimorphism in pea aphid

Transgenerational phenotypic plasticity (TPP) refers to the phenomenon that environmental conditions experienced by one generation can influence the phenotype of subsequent generations to adapt to the environment without modification of their DNA sequences. Aphid wing dimorphism is a textbook example of TPP by which a maternal aphid perceives the environmental cues to decide the wing morph of her offspring. However, the signaling mechanism from mother to daughter remains unclear. In this study, we showed that the population density and physical contact caused high proportion of winged offspring in the pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. Its vesicular glutamate transporter 2 (ApvGluT2) and metabotropic glutamate receptor 3 (ApmGluR3) were identified by tissue-specific RNA-seq as differentially expressed genes in the head and embryo respectively between solitary and more densely housed maternal aphids. Elevated expression of brain ApvGluT2 and embryonic ApmGluR3 led to increases in the winged proportion. Knockdown of either gene inhibited phosphorylation of ApFoxO in embryos. Furthermore, EMSA showed that dephosphorylated ApFoxO directly bound to the promotor of hedgehog (ApHh), a morphogen gene for wing development, to repress its transcription in stage 20 embryos, causing a lower winged proportion. Our results demonstrated that brain vGluT2 and embryonic mGluR3 coordinately relayed the maternal physical contact signals and control wing development in offspring, showcasing a novel regulatory mechanism underlying physical contact-dependent, transgenerational wing dimorphism in aphids.

zoology↗

bioRxiv2024

A drought stress-responsive metabolite malate modulates stomatal responses through G-protein-dependent pathway

Drought stress is a significant environmental threat to global agricultural production and distribution. Plant adaptation to dehydration stress involves intricate biological processes with substantial changes in metabolite composition. In this study, we investigated the role of tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle metabolites in drought tolerance in grapevine and Arabidopsis by metabolome, live cell imaging, electrophysiological and pharmacological approaches. Metabolome analysis revealed that amount of malate, citrate, and isocitrate increased over time in detached grapevine leaves. Ca2+ imaging and ion channel measurements indicated that fumarate, malate, and -ketoglutarate induced cytosolic free Ca2+ concentration ([Ca2+]cyt) elevation in guard cells and directly activated a guard-cell anion channel SLAC1. However, only malate induced stomatal closure, which required increases in [Ca2+]cyt in guard cells and activation of SLAC1. Through pharmacological experiments and reverse genetics analyses, G-proteins were identified as essential components of malate signaling by regulating second messenger production. These results indicate that TCA cycle metabolites are sensed individually by guard cells and that malate plays a key role in connecting metabolic regulation and drought tolerance through G-protein-dependent signal cascades.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2024

The structure and diversity of the bacterial community in the overlying water of the Yangzong Lake in Yunnan

Bacteria are critical components of lake ecosystems, and understanding the characteristics of bacterial community structure and diversity indices is of significant importance for the analysis and management of lake ecology. In this study, overlying water samples were collected from Yangzong Lake in May, June, and July 2021. High-throughput sequencing and statistical analysis were employed to investigate the relationships between physicochemical factors, bacterial community structure, and diversity in the overlying water of Yangzong Lake. The results showed significant differences in oxidation-reduction potential among the sampling points. The order of oxidation-reduction potential was as follows: Yangzong DAHE > Yangzong Lake South > Yangzong Lake Middle > Yangzong Lake North, while other physicochemical factors exhibited minor differences. The number of OTUs and bacterial alpha diversity index in the overlying water of Yangzong Lake Middle were higher than those in Yangzong Lake North, Yangzong Lake South, and Yangzong DAHE. The dominant bacterial phyla in the overlying water were Actinobacteriota, Bacteroidota, and Proteobacteria. Actinobacteriota had the highest relative abundance of 34.63% in Yangzong Lake North, while Bacteroidota had the highest relative abundance of 33.79% in Yangzong Lake South, and Proteobacteria had the highest relative abundance of 27.29% in Yangzong Lake Middle. The dominant genera were hgcI_clade, CL500-29_marine_group, and Flavobacterium. Among them, hgcI_clade had the highest relative abundance of 37.56% in Yangzong Lake North, CL500-29_marine_group had the highest relative abundance of 35.22% in Yangzong Lake South, and Flavobacterium had the highest relative abundance of 42.02% in Yangzong Lake Middle. Correlation analysis revealed significant correlations between Campilobacterota at the phylum level and dissolved oxygen (DO) and total phosphorus (TP). At the genus level, Flavobacterium, Limnohabitans, and Pseudarcicella showed significant correlations with DO and TP.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2024

Super Pangenome of Grapevines Empowers Improvement of the Oldest Domesticated Fruit

Grapevine (Vitis) is the oldest domesticated fruit crop with great cultural and economic importance. Here, we assemble and annotate haplotype-resolved genomes of 72 Vitis accessions including 25 wild and 47 cultivated grapevines, and a haplotype-resolved complete genome of V. vinifera. Coalescent phylogenomics of 142 haplotype genomes disentangles the mysterious hybridization history of grapevines, revealing enormous genetic diversity among species. Pangenome analysis together with phenotyping data reveals that European cultivars, more susceptible to the most destructive disease downy mildew (DM), had a smaller repertoire of disease resistance genes of NLR family. Through extensive structural variation (SV) characterization, phenotyping, transcriptome profiling of 113 Vitis accessions, and SV-eQTL analysis, we have identified over 79 SVs and their relevant genes significantly associated with DM resistance, exemplified by a lysine histidine transporter, VvLHT8. This haplotype-resolved complete genome and pangenome of Vitis genus will accelerate grapevine breeding and enrich our understanding of the evolution and biology of grapevines.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2024

TDP-43 dysregulation of polyadenylation site selection is a defining feature of RNA misprocessing in ALS/FTD and related disorders

Nuclear clearance and cytoplasmic aggregation of the RNA-binding protein TDP-43 are observed in many neurodegenerative disorders, including amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and fronto- temporal dementia (FTD). Although TDP-43 dysregulation of splicing has emerged as a key event in these diseases, TDP-43 can also regulate polyadenylation; yet, this has not been adequately studied. Here, we applied the dynamic analysis of polyadenylation from RNA-seq (DaPars) tool to ALS/FTD transcriptome datasets, and report extensive alternative polyadenylation (APA) upon TDP-43 alteration in ALS/FTD cell models and postmortem ALS/FTD neuronal nuclei. Importantly, many identified APA genes highlight pathways implicated in ALS/FTD pathogenesis. To determine the functional significance of APA elicited by TDP-43 nuclear depletion, we examined microtubule affinity regulating kinase 3 (MARK3). Nuclear loss of TDP-43 yielded increased expression of MARK3 transcripts with longer 3UTRs, resulting in greater transcript stability and elevated MARK3 protein levels, which promotes increased neuronal tau S262 phosphorylation. Our findings define changes in polyadenylation site selection as a previously unrecognized feature of TDP-43-driven disease pathology in ALS/FTD and highlight a potentially novel mechanistic link between TDP-43 dysfunction and tau regulation.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

Geographic variation in the songs of two closely related song-learning species, Anna's and Costa's hummingbird (Calypte anna, C. costae)

In species that learn their song, cultural transmission of song components can lead to the accumulation of variants that differ among populations, resulting in the formation of dialects. Three avian clades are thought to have independently evolved song learning - parrots, oscine passerines, and hummingbirds. Dialects have mainly been studied in passerines. We extend the study of dialects to the bee hummingbird clade, focusing on Annas and Costas hummingbirds (Calypte anna and C. costae). Both species are vocal learners. Annas produces complex, three phrase, multi-syllable songs and Costas produces simple, one phrase songs. We recorded 5-24 males per population (5 Costas and 6 Annas populations) across the species ranges in the Western United States and tested for evidence of geographic variation in song. We found minor population differences in frequency measures of Costas song, but song form was invariant across populations. Annas song was contrastingly variable with population differences in both syllable use and multiple spectral and temporal measures. The most strongly differentiated Annas population in our study, Seattle (Washington State), is the product of a recent northward range expansion facilitated by human activities that provide additional food sources for hummingbirds. The loss and modification of syllables in this population is suggestive of a founder effect on song. This study provides insight into song evolution in non-passerine vocal learners and contributes to understanding of how complex signals evolve.

animal behavior and cognition↗

bioRxiv2023

Collaborative Augmented Reconstruction for Scaled Production of 3D Neuron Morphology in Mouse and Human Brains

Digital reconstruction of the intricate 3D morphology of individual neurons from microscopic images is widely recognized as a crucial challenge in both individual research laboratories and large-scale scientific projects focusing on cell types and brain anatomy. This task often fails both conventional manual reconstruction and state-of-the-art automatic reconstruction algorithms, even many of which are based on artificial intelligence (AI). It is also critical but challenging to organize multiple neuroanatomists to produce and cross-validate biologically relevant and agreeable reconstructions in scaled data production. Here we propose an approach based on collaborative human intelligence augmented by AI. Specifically, we have developed a Collaborative Augmented Reconstruction (CAR) platform for neuron reconstruction at scale. This platform allows for immersive interaction and efficient collaborative-editing of neuron anatomy using a variety of client devices, such as desktop workstations, virtual reality headsets, and mobile phones, enabling users to contribute anytime and anywhere and take advantage of several AI-based automation tools. We have tested CARs applicability for challenging mouse and human neurons towards a scaled and faithful data production. Our data indicate that the CAR platform is suitable for generating tens of thousands of neuronal reconstructions used in our companion studies.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2023

Folded alpha helical putative new proteins from Apilactobacillus kunkeei

The emergence of new proteins is a central question in biology. Most tertiary protein folds known to date appear to have an ancient origin, but it is clear from bioinformatic analyses that new proteins continuously emerge in all organismal groups. However, there is a paucity of experimental data on new proteins regarding their structure and biophysical properties. We performed a detailed phylogenetic analysis and identified 48 putative open reading frames in the honeybee-associated bacterium Apilactobacillus kunkeei for which no homologs could be identified in closely-related species, suggesting that they could be relatively new on an evolutionary time scale and represent recently evolved proteins. Using circular dichroism-, fluorescence- and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy we investigated five of these proteins and show that they are not intrinsically disordered, but populate alpha-helical dominated folded states with relatively low thermodynamic stability (0-3 kcal/mol). The data demonstrate that small new proteins readily adopt simple folded conformations suggesting that more complex tertiary structures can be continuously re-invented during evolution by fusion of such simple secondary structure elements. These findings have implications for the general view on protein evolution, where de novo emergence of folded proteins may be a common event.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Molecular pharmacology of selective NaV1.6 and dual NaV1.6 and NaV1.2 channel inhibitors that suppress excitatory neuronal activity ex vivo

Sodium channel inhibitors are used to treat neurological disorders of hyperexcitability. However, all currently available sodium channel targeting anti-seizure medications are non-selective among the NaV isoforms which potentially limits efficacy and therapeutic safety margins. XPC-7724 and XPC-5462 represent a new class of small molecule compounds. These compounds target inhibition of the NaV1.6 and NaV1.2 channels in excitatory pyramidal neurons and possess a molecular selectivity of >100 fold against NaV1.1 channels that are dominant in inhibitory cells. This profile will enable pharmacological dissection of the physiological roles of NaV1.2 and NaV1.6 and help to define the role of each channel in disease states. These compounds bind to and stabilize the inactivated-state of the channels, demonstrate higher potency with longer residency times, and slower off-rates than carbamazepine and phenytoin. These compounds possess cellular selectivity ex vivo in inhibiting action potential firing in cortical excitatory pyramidal neurons, whilst sparing fast spiking inhibitory interneurons. XPC-5462 also suppresses epileptiform activity in an ex vivo brain slice seizure model. This class of compounds provides a unique approach for treating neuronal excitability disorders by selectively down-regulating excitatory circuits. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=194 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/551643v2_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (55K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@70750corg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@114756aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@289009org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1086e23_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

pharmacology and toxicology↗

bioRxiv2023

Modeling Human Spine-Spinal Cord Organogenesis by hPSC-Derived Neuromesodermal Progenitors

Human trunk development, including spine and spinal cord organogenesis, is a coordinated, orderly, and interdependent process with spatiotemporal tissue patterning. However, the underlying cellular and molecular mechanisms remain largely unclear due to the lack of an effective model that can simulate the early development of human body axis. Here, we reported the long-term patterning and dynamic morphogenesis of human trunk through the formation of spine-spinal cord organoids (SSCOs) self-organized from three-dimensional culture of human PSC-derived neuromesodermal progenitors (NMPs). The SSCOs resembled the morphogenetic features of spine and spinal cord along the anterior-posterior axis, and showed the chondro-osteogenic and neural trajectories consistent with developmental dynamics of spine and spinal cord in gestational embryo through single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq). In addition, we identified a new HMMR+ bipotent cell population with self-renewal ability and neural/mesodermal competence but distinct from NMPs, which may be involved in trunk development and represent an invaluable tool for disease modeling of spine- and spinal cord-related disorders. Graphic Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=200 SRC="FIGDIR/small/549829v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (80K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@14bfd30org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1db7fe8org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1aa66a1org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@380932_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

developmental biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Latitudinal scaling of aggregation with abundance and its consequences for coexistence in species rich forests

The search for simple principles underlying the complex spatial structure and dynamics of plant communities is a long-standing challenge in ecology1-6. In particular, the relationship between the spatial distribution of plants and species coexistence is challenging to resolve in species-rich communities7-9. Analysing the spatial patterns of tree species in 21 large forest plots, we find that rare species tend to be more spatially aggregated than common species, and a latitudinal gradient in the strength of this negative correlations that increases from tropical to temperate forests. Our analysis suggests that latitudinal gradients in animal seed dispersal10 and mycorrhizal associations11,12,13 may jointly generate this intriguing pattern. To assess the consequences of negative aggregation-abundance correlations for species coexistence, we present here a framework to incorporate the observed spatial patterns into population models8 along with an analytical solution for the local extinction risk14 of species invading from low abundances in dependence of spatial structure, demographic parameters, and immigration. For example, the stabilizing effect of the observed spatial patterns reduced the local extinction risk of species when rare almost by a factor of two. Our approach opens up new avenues for integrating observed spatial patterns into mathematical theory, and our findings demonstrate that spatial patterns, such as species aggregation and segregation, can contribute substantially to coexistence in species-rich communities. This underscores the need to understand the interactions between multiple ecological processes and spatial patterns in greater detail.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2023

Epidemiological evaluation and identification of the insect vector of soybean stay-green associated virus

In recent years, the emergence of soybean stay-green syndrome (SGS), also referred to as "zhengqing", in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China has resulted in significant yield losses, with some areas experiencing a complete reduction in seed yield. SGS is a phenomenon characterized by the delayed senescence of soybean, resulting in stay-green leaves, flat pods, and stunted seed development at harvest. Our group was the first to identify a distinct geminivirus, named soybean stay-green associated geminivirus (SoSGV), as the causative agent of SGS by fulfilling Kochs postulate. To further understand the epidemiology of SoSGV, in this study, we collected 368 stay-green samples from 17 regions in 8 provinces including the Huang-Huai-Hai region and surrounding areas of China. The results showed that 228 samples tested positive for SoSGV (61.96%), and 96.93% of these positive samples showed severe pod deflation. Our epidemiological assessment reveals SGS caused by the SoSGV is prevalent in the fields, and it is undergoing geographical expansion and genetic differentiation. Additionally, we determined the other natural hosts grown in the Huang-Huai-Hai region of China. By capturing insects in the field and conducting laboratory vector transmission tests, we confirmed that the common brown leafhopper (Orosius orientalis) is the transmitting vector of SoSGV. With a better understanding of the epidemiology of SoSGV and its transmission, we can develop more effective strategies for managing and mitigating its impact on soybean yields.

microbiology↗

bioRxiv2023

MEDIPIPE: an automated and comprehensive pipeline for cfMeDIP-seq data quality control and analysis

Summarycell-free methylated DNA immunoprecipitation and high-throughput sequencing (cfMeDIP-seq) has emerged as a promising non-invasive technology to detect cancers and monitor treatments. Several bioinformatics tools are available for cfMeDIP-seq data analysis. However, an easy to implement and flexible pipeline, particularly, for large-scale cfMeDIP-seq profiling, is still lacking. Here we present the MEDIPIPE, which provides a one-stop solution for cfMeDIP-seq data quality control, methylation quantification and sample aggregation. The major advantages of MEDIPIPE are: 1) it is easy to implement and reproduce with automatically deployed execution environments; 2) it can handle different experimental settings with a single input configuration file; 3) it is computationally efficient for large-scale cfMeDIP-seq profiling data analysis and aggregation. Availability and implementationThis pipeline is an open-source software under the MIT license and it is freely available at https://github.com/yzeng-lol/MEDIPIPE. Contactyzeng@uhnresearch.ca or trevor.pugh@utoronto.ca or hansenhe@uhnresearch.ca Supplementary informationSupplementary data are appended.

bioinformatics↗

bioRxiv2023

Deep sequencing of the T cell Receptor reveals common and reproducible CD8+ signatures of response to checkpoint immunotherapy

Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has markedly improved outcomes across a range of tumours, including metastatic melanoma (MM). However, peripheral biomarkers of response remain lacking and underlying mechanisms of action incompletely described. A number of studies have demonstrated the value of T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire analysis in determining associations with response, however identifying key groups of T cells based on their TCR usage has remained elusive. Here we performed deep sequencing of the TCR of CD8+ T cells isolated from peripheral blood of patients receiving ICB for MM (n=91) at multiple time points, along with healthy control samples (n=42) and resected tumour specimens (from n=7 patients). Using the GLIPH2 algorithm to cluster TCR based on putative shared antigen specificity, we describe groups of TCR which expand post-ICB in responding patients which we term Emergent Responder (ER) clones. We find that these ER clones are typically large and of a memory phenotype, with increased expression of genes encoding cytotoxic proteins. Analysis of tumours resected in advance of ICB demonstrates ER clones are enriched and expanded within the tumour compared to the periphery at pre-treatment. Significantly, we note the proportion of the peripheral repertoire occupied by ER clones strongly correlates with long-term clinical response. Clinical outcome further associated with HLA type and, crucially, can be validated across replication and independent datasets. This work provides the first-in-kind description of TCR-defined CD8+ T cells that mediate the response to ICB in MM, demonstrating the prognostic utility of the peripheral immune repertoire with potential widespread therapeutic and prognostic applications.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2022

Latitude influences stability via stabilizing mechanisms in naturally-assembled forest ecosystems at different spatial grains

Ecosystem stability reveals how ecosystems respond to global change over time. Yet, the focus of past research on small spatial grains and extents overlooks scale dependence and how broad-scale environmental gradients shape stability. Here, we use forest inventory data covering a broad latitudinal gradient from the temperate to the tropical zone to examine cross-scale variation in stability of aboveground biomass and underlying stabilizing mechanisms. While stability did not shift systematically with latitude at either spatial grain, we found evidence that species asynchrony increased towards the tropics at the small spatial grain while species stability decreased at both spatial grains. Moreover, latitude stabilized forest communities via its effects on both stabilizing mechanisms, which compensated for the weak and destabilizing effects of species richness. Yet, the trade-off in the relative importance of species stability and species asynchrony for stability was not mediated by latitude, suggesting that context-dependent factors - to a greater extent than macroecological ones - underlie large-scale patterns of stability. Our results highlight the crucial role of species asynchrony and species stability in determining ecosystem stability across broad-scale environmental gradients, suggesting that conserving biodiversity alone may not be sufficient for stabilizing naturally-assembled forest ecosystems.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2022

FishSCT: a zebrafish-centric database for exploration and visualization of fish single-cell transcriptome

With the advancement of single-cell sequencing technology in recent years, an increasing number of researchers have turned their attention to the study of cell heterogeneity. In this study, we created a fish single-cell transcriptome database centered on zebrafish (Danio rerio). FishSCT currently contains single-cell transcriptomic data on zebrafish and 8 other fish species. We used a unified pipeline to analyze 129 datasets from 44 projects from SRA and GEO, resulting in 964/26,965 marker/potential marker information for 245 cell types, as well as expression profiles at single-cell resolution. There are 117 zebrafish datasets in total, covering 25 different types of tissues/organs at 36 different time points during the growth and development stages. This is currently the largest and most comprehensive online resource for zebrafish single-cell transcriptome data, as well as the only database dedicated to the collection of marker gene information of specific cell type and expression profiles at single-cell resolution for a variety of fish. A user-friendly web interface for information browsing, cell type identification, and expression profile visualization has been developed to meet the basic demand in related studies on fish transcriptome at the single-cell resolution.

bioinformatics↗