Biology subjects

Woodruff, E. R.

Publications and source records attributed to Woodruff, E. R..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Ablation of hematopoietic stem cell derived adipocytes reduces tumor burden in syngeneic mouse models of high-grade serous carcinoma

Hematopoietic stem cell-derived adipocytes (HSCDAs) are an adipose subtype derived from myeloid precursors that are distinct from conventional mesenchymal adipocytes (CMAs). We hypothesized that HSCDAs promote high grade serous carcinoma (HGSC), the most common form of ovarian cancer. Despite similar rates of differentiation, primary human HSCDAs from female donors showed marked transcriptional differences from CMAs, including downregulation of cell cycle and upregulation of lipid metabolic pathways. HSCDAs secreted greater amounts of inflammatory cytokines than CMAs. We also conducted two independent tumor studies using ID8 and SO syngeneic HGSC murine models in immunocompetent mice that were either HSCDA Proficient (HSCDA-Pro; can make both adipocyte subtypes) or Deficient (HSCDA-Def; can only make CMAs). Tumor burden trended lower in HSCDA-Def mice in both models. Relative to HSCDA-Pro mice, omental ID8 tumors from HSCDA-Def mice downregulated transcription of multiple metabolic pathways that were enriched in human HSCDA cells in vitro, suggesting that ablation of HSCDAs altered the tumor metabolic environment. Compared to HSCDA-Pro mice, tumors from HSCDA-Def mice had lower densities of dendritic cells (DC) and natural killer (NK) cells, as well as fewer DCs, NKs, and B-cells in proximity to tumor cells. Our data suggest that HSCDAs alter the peritoneal immune and metabolic environment to support HGSC progression. ONE SENTENCE SUMMARYHematopoietic stem cell derived adipocytes may alter the peritoneal metabolic and immune environment to establish a metastatic niche and support ovarian cancer progression.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Claudin-4 remodeling of nucleus-cell cycle crosstalk maintains ovarian tumor genome stability and drives resistance to genomic instability-inducing agents.

During cancer development, the interplay between the nucleus and the cell cycle leads to a state of genomic instability, often accompanied by observable morphological aberrations. These aberrations can be controlled by tumor cells to evade cell death, either by preventing or eliminating genomic instability. In epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC), overexpression of the multifunctional protein claudin-4 is a key contributor to therapy resistance through mechanisms associated with genomic instability. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying claudin-4 overexpression in EOC remain poorly understood. Here, we altered claudin-4 expression and employed a unique claudin-4 targeting peptide (CMP) to manipulate the function of claudin-4. We found that claudin-4 facilitates genome maintenance by linking the nuclear envelope and cytoskeleton dynamics with cell cycle progression. Claudin-4 caused nuclei constriction by excluding lamin B1 and promoting perinuclear F-actin accumulation, associated with remodeling nuclear architecture, thus altering nuclear envelope dynamics. Consequently, cell cycle modifications due to claudin-4 overexpression resulted in fewer cells entering the S-phase and reduced genomic instability. Importantly, disrupting biological interactions of claudin-4 using CMP and forskolin altered oxidative stress cellular response and increased the efficacy of PARP inhibitor treatment. Our data indicate that claudin-4 protects tumor genome integrity by remodeling the crosstalk between the nuclei and the cell cycle, leading to resistance to genomic instability formation and the effects of genomic instability-inducing agents. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=122 SRC="FIGDIR/small/611120v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (16K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7ed420org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@98949eorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1453a68org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1fdab87_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG O_FLOATNOGraphical abstractC_FLOATNO Claudin-4 plays a crucial role in remodeling the cytoskeleton, particularly influencing nuclear architecture. This remodeling appears to act as a regulatory mechanism, limiting the progression of ovarian cancer cells into the S-phase and correlating with reduced genomic instability in ovarian tumors. Moreover, since olaparib treatment triggered a cellular oxidative response, it is likely that this claudin-4-mediated remodeling contributes to resistance against the effects of the PARP inhibitor. C_FIG

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Claudin-4 modulates autophagy via SLC1A5/LAT1 as a tolerance mechanism for genomic instability in ovarian cancer.

Genome instability is key for tumor heterogeneity and derives from defects in cell division and DNA damage repair. Tumors show tolerance for this characteristic, but its accumulation is regulated somehow to avoid catastrophic chromosomal alterations and cell death. Claudin-4 is upregulated and closely associated with genome instability and worse patient outcome in ovarian cancer. This protein is commonly described as a junctional protein participating in processes such as cell proliferation and DNA repair. However, its biological association with genomic instability is still poorly-understood. Here, we used CRISPRi and a claudin mimic peptide (CMP) to modulate the cladudin-4 expression and its function, respectively in in-vitro (high-grade serous carcinoma cells) and in-vivo (patient-derived xenograft in a humanized-mice model) systems. We found that claudin-4 promotes a protective cellular-mechanism that links cell-cell junctions to genome integrity. Disruption of this axis leads to irregular cellular connections and cell cycle that results in chromosomal alterations, a phenomenon associated with a novel functional link between claudin-4 and SLC1A5/LAT1 in regulating autophagy. Consequently, claudin-4s disruption increased autophagy and associated with engulfment of cytoplasm-localized DNA. Furthermore, the claudin-4/SLC1A5/LAT1 biological axis correlates with decrease ovarian cancer patient survival and targeting claudin-4 in-vivo with CMP resulted in increased niraparib (PARPi) efficacy, correlating with increased tumoral infiltration of T CD8+ lymphocytes. Our results show that the upregulation of claudin-4 enables a mechanism that promotes tolerance to genomic instability and immune evasion in ovarian cancer; thus, suggesting the potential of claudin-4 as a translational target for enhancing ovarian cancer treatment.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Combination CDC-like kinase inhibition (CLK)/Dual-specificity tyrosine-regulated kinase (DYRK) and taxane therapy in CTNNB1-mutated endometrial cancer

SM08502 (cirtuvivint) is a novel pan CDC-like kinase (CLK) and Dual specificity tyrosine kinase (DYRK) inhibitor that targets mRNA splicing and is optimized for Wnt pathway inhibition. Previous evaluation of single agent CLK/DYRK inhibition (SM04690) demonstrated inhibition of tumor progression and {beta}-catenin/TCF transcriptional activity in CTNNB1-mutant endometrial cancer (EC). In-vitro analysis of SM08502 similarly decreases Wnt transcriptional activity and cellular proliferation while increasing cellular apoptosis. SM08502 is an active single-agent therapy with IC50s in the nanomolar range for all EC cell lines evaluated. Combination of SM08502 with paclitaxel has synergistic effect in vitro, as demonstrated by Combination Index <1, and inhibits tumor progression in four endometrial cancer models (HEC265, Ishikawa, Ishikawa-S33Y, and SNGM). In our in vivo mouse models, Ishikawa demonstrated significantly lower tumor volumes of combination vs SM08502 alone (Repeated Measures one-way ANOVA, p = 0.04), but not vs paclitaxel alone. HEC265, SNGM, and Ishikawa-S33Y tumors all had significantly lower tumor volumes with combination SM08502 and paclitaxel compared to single-agent paclitaxel (Repeated Measures one-way ANOVA, p = 0.01, 0.004, and 0.0008, respectively) or single-agent SM08502 (Repeated Measures one-way ANOVA, p = 0.002, 0.005, and 0.01, respectively) alone. Mechanistically, treatment with SM08502 increases alternative splicing (AS) events compared to treatment with paclitaxel. AS regulation is an important post-transcriptional mechanism associated with the oncogenic process in many cancers, including EC. Results from these studies have led to a Phase I evaluation of this combination in recurrent EC.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Combinatory EHMT and PARP inhibition induces an interferon response and a CD8 T cell-dependent tumor regression in PARP inhibitor-resistant models

Euchromatic histone lysine methyltransferases 1 and 2 (EHMT1/2), which catalyze demethylation of histone H3 lysine 9 (H3K9me2), contribute to tumorigenesis and therapy resistance through unknown mechanisms of action. In ovarian cancer, EHMT1/2 and H3K9me2 are directly linked to acquired resistance to poly-ADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) inhibitors and are correlated with poor clinical outcomes. Using a combination of experimental and bioinformatic analyses in several PARP inhibitor resistant ovarian cancer models, we demonstrate that combinatory inhibition of EHMT and PARP is effective in treating PARP inhibitor resistant ovarian cancers. Our in vitro studies show that combinatory therapy reactivates transposable elements, increases immunostimulatory dsRNA formation, and elicits several immune signaling pathways. Our in vivo studies show that both single inhibition of EHMT and combinatory inhibition of EHMT and PARP reduces tumor burden, and that this reduction is dependent on CD8 T cells. Together, our results uncover a direct mechanism by which EHMT inhibition helps to overcome PARP inhibitor resistance and shows how an epigenetic therapy can be used to enhance anti-tumor immunity and address therapy resistance.

cancer biology↗