Biology subjects

Wood, N. B.

Publications and source records attributed to Wood, N. B..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Translation fidelity mechanisms and their changes in aging

Protein errors (amino acid misincorporations) are associated to protein misfolding and misfunction, and lower levels correlate with longer lifespan. Despite their prevalence, proteome-wide tracking of misincorporations in eukaryotes is challenging, with most insights being recent and coming from the mining of extensive proteomics data sets. These experimental challenges have precluded the direct in vivo probing and full understanding of the bases of fidelity in higher eukaryotes, and their influence in complex processes such as aging. Here we measured proteome-wide misincorporation frequencies in two experimentally tractable eukaryotic systems, yeast and mouse, using mass spectrometry. We find translation fidelity is organism and organ specific. The measured error frequencies correlate with codon:anticodon pairing thermodynamics and tRNA pool composition, which can have synergistic or opposing effects on fidelity depending on organism or tissue type. Most identified protein errors carry a negative fitness burden. Aging experiments in our two systems reveal that, with age, error frequencies increase in post-mitotic cells, but not so in mitotic ones. These changes correlate with remodeling of the tRNA pool, which we identify as a crucial regulator of translation fidelity during lifespan.

molecular biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Functional role of myosin-binding protein H in thick filaments of developing vertebrate fast-twitch skeletal muscle

Myosin-binding protein H (MyBP-H) is a component of the vertebrate skeletal muscle sarcomere with sequence and domain homology to myosin-binding protein C (MyBP-C). Whereas skeletal muscle isoforms of MyBP-C (fMyBP-C, sMyBP-C) modulate muscle contractility via interactions with actin thin filaments and myosin motors within the muscle sarcomere "C-zone," MyBP-H has no known function. This is in part due to MyBP-H having limited expression in adult fast-twitch muscle and no known involvement in muscle disease. Quantitative proteomics reported here reveal MyBP-H is highly expressed in prenatal rat fast-twitch muscles and larval zebrafish, suggesting a conserved role in muscle development, and promoting studies to define its function. We take advantage of the genetic control of the zebrafish model and a combination of structural, functional, and biophysical techniques to interrogate the role of MyBP-H. Transgenic, FLAG-tagged MyBP-H or fMyBP-C both localize to the C-zones in larval myofibers, whereas genetic depletion of endogenous MyBP-H or fMyBP-C leads to increased accumulation of the other, suggesting competition for C-zone binding sites. Does MyBP-H modulate contractility from the C-zone? Globular domains critical to MyBP-Cs modulatory functions are absent from MyBP-H, suggesting MyBP-H may be functionally silent. However, our results suggest an active role. Small angle x-ray diffraction of intact larval tails revealed MyBP-H contributes to the compression of the myofilament lattice accompanying stretch or contraction, while in vitro motility experiments indicate MyBP-H shares MyBP-Cs capacity as a molecular "brake". These results provide new insights and raise questions about the role of the C-zone during muscle development.

biophysics↗

bioRxiv2023

Peak performance singing requires daily vocal exercise in songbirds

Vocal signals mediate much of human and non-human communication. Key performance traits - such as repertoire size, speed and accuracy of delivery - affect communication efficacy in fitness-decisive contexts such as mate choice and resource competition1. Specialized fast vocal muscles2,3 are central to accurate sound production4, but it is unknown whether vocal, like limb muscles5,6, need exercise to gain and maintain peak performance7,8. Here, we show that for song development in juvenile songbirds, the closest analogue to human speech acquisition9, regular vocal muscle exercise is crucial to achieve adult peak muscle performance. Furthermore, adult vocal muscle performance reduces within two days of abolishing exercise, leading to downregulation of critical proteins transforming fast to slower muscle fibre types. Daily vocal exercise is thus required to both gain and maintain peak vocal muscle performance, and if absent changes vocal output. We show that conspecifics can detect these acoustic changes and females prefer the song of exercised males. Song thus contains information on recent exercise status of the sender. Daily investment in vocal exercise to maintain peak performance is an unrecognized cost of singing and could explain why many birds sing daily even under adverse conditions10. Because neural regulation of syringeal and laryngeal muscle plasticity is equivalent, vocal output may reflect recent exercise status in all vocalizing vertebrates.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

The Pathogenic R5L Mutation Disrupts Formation of Tau Complexes on the Microtubule by Altering Local N-Terminal Structure

The microtubule-associated protein (MAP) Tau is an intrinsically disordered protein (IDP) primarily expressed in axons, where it functions to regulate microtubule dynamics, modulate motor protein motility, and participate in signaling cascades. Tau misregulation and point mutations are linked to neurodegenerative diseases, including Progressive Supranuclear Palsy (PSP), Picks Disease and Alzheimers disease. Many disease-associated mutations in Tau occur in the C-terminal microtubule-binding domain of the protein. Effects of C-terminal mutations in Tau have led to the widely accepted disease-state theory that missense mutations in Tau reduce microtubule-binding affinity or increase Tau propensity to aggregate. Here, we investigate the effect of an N-terminal disease-associated mutation in Tau, R5L, on Tau-microtubule interactions using an in vitro reconstituted system. Contrary to the canonical disease-state theory, we determine the R5L mutation does not reduce Tau affinity for the microtubule using Total Internal Reflection Fluorescence (TIRF) Microscopy. Rather, the R5L mutation decreases the ability of Tau to form larger order complexes, or Tau patches, at high concentrations of Tau. Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), we show that the R5L mutation results in a local structural change that reduces interactions of the projection domain in the presence of microtubules. Altogether, these results challenge both the current paradigm of how mutations in Tau lead to disease and the role of the projection domain in modulating Tau behavior on the microtubule surface. Significance StatementThe microtubule-associated protein Tau is strongly linked to a number of neurological diseases. Disease onset is typically associated with weakened interaction with the microtubule, but this widely accepted model is based on hyperphosphorylation or mutations within the C-terminal microtubule-binding domain of Tau. Here, we find an N-terminal disease-associated mutation in Tau, R5L, does not reduce Tau affinity for microtubules, but instead modifies the N-terminal structure, altering Taus behavior and ability to condense on the microtubule surface. Our findings challenge the current paradigms of both how mutations in Tau lead to disease and the functional role of the N-terminal region of Tau.

biophysics↗