Wong, D. S. H. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2024

IL-4 receptor alpha blockade in mice reduces skin inflammation, systemic response and the atopic march.

Atopic dermatitis (AD) commonly precedes food allergy and asthma in the atopic march. Epicutaneous (EC) sensitization in mice with ovalbumin (OVA) results in allergic skin inflammation that mimics AD and promotes food anaphylaxis or asthma following a gastric or intranasal challenge with OVA, respectively. Using our mouse model of EC sensitization with OVA we evaluate whether anti-IL-4R blocking antibody improve allergic skin inflammation and impact the atopic march. IL-4R blockade at the end of EC sensitization decreased allergic skin inflammation in OVA-sensitized mice, evidenced by significantly decreased eosinophil infiltration, decrease production of IL-4, IL-13 by OVA- restimulated splenocytes and reduced serum levels OVA-specific IgE. However, late IL- 4R blockade did not affect food anaphylaxis or airway inflammation in EC sensitized mice following an oral or intranasal challenge with OVA. IL-4R blockade at the beginning of EC sensitization not only impact allergic skin inflammation and systemic response to the antigen, but also decreased food anaphylaxis or airway inflammation following OVA challenge. These results suggest that the blockade of sensitization through the skin by IL-4R blockade could impact the atopic march.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2021

The clinical utility of two high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing workflows for taxonomic assignment of unidentifiable bacterial pathogens in MALDI-TOF MS

Bacterial pathogens that cannot be identified using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) are occasionally encountered in clinical laboratories. The 16S rRNA gene is often used for sequence-based analysis to identify these bacterial species. Nevertheless, traditional Sanger sequencing is laborious, time-consuming and low-throughput. Here, we compared two commercially available 16S rRNA gene sequencing tests, which are based on Illumina and Nanopore sequencing technologies, respectively, in their ability to identify the species of 172 clinical isolates that failed to be identified by MALDI-TOF MS. Sequencing data were analyzed by respective built-in analysis programs (MiSeq Reporter Software and Epi2me) and BLAST+ (v2.11.0). Their agreement with Sanger sequencing on species-level identification was determined. Discrepancies were resolved by whole-genome sequencing. The diagnostic accuracy of each workflow was determined using the composite sequencing result as the reference standard. Despite the high base-calling accuracy of Illumina sequencing, we demonstrated that the Nanopore workflow had a comparatively higher taxonomic resolution at the species level. Using built-in analysis algorithms, the concordance of Sanger 16S with the Illumina and Nanopore workflows was 33.14% and 87.79%, respectively. The agreement was 65.70% and 83.14%, respectively, when BLAST+ was used for analysis. Compared with the reference standard, the diagnostic accuracy of optimized Nanopore 16S was 96.36%, which was identical to Sanger 16S and was better than Illumina 16S (71.52%). The turnaround time of the Illumina workflow and the Nanopore workflow was 78h and 8.25h, respectively. The per-sample cost of the Illumina and Nanopore workflows was US$28.5 and US$17.7, respectively.

microbiology↗