Wilde, M.-L. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2020

Depletion of voltage-dependent anion channel (VDAC) of Toxoplasma gondii affects multiple mitochondrial functions, but not calcium signalling.

The Voltage Dependent Anion channel (VDAC) is a ubiquitous channel in the outer membrane of the mitochondrion with multiple roles in protein, metabolite and small molecule transport. In mammalian cells, VDAC, as part of a larger complex including the inositol triphosphate receptor, has been shown to have a role in mediating contact between the mitochondria and ER. We identify VDAC of the pathogenic apicomplexan Toxoplasma gondii and demonstrate its importance for parasite growth. We show that VDAC is involved in protein import and metabolite transfer to the mitochondria, but does not appear to modulate calcium (Ca2+) signalling. Further, depletion of VDAC resulted in significant morphological changes of the mitochondrion and ER, suggesting a role in mediating contacts between these organelles in T. gondii.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2018

Protein Kinase A Negatively Regulates Ca2+ signalling in Toxoplasma gondii

The phylum Apicomplexa comprises a group of obligate intracellular parasites that alternate between intracellular replicating forms and actively motile extracellular forms that move through tissue. Parasite cytosolic Ca2+ signalling activates motility, but how this is switched off after invasion is not understood. Here we show that the cAMP-dependent Protein Kinase A catalytic subunit 1 (PKAc1) of Toxoplasma is responsible for suppression of Ca2+ signalling upon host cell invasion. We demonstrate that that PKAc1 is sequestered to the parasite periphery by dual acylation of its regulatory subunit PKAr1. Newly invaded PKAc1-deficient parasites exit host cells shortly thereafter in a perforin-like protein 1 (PLP-1)-dependent fashion. We demonstrate that loss of PKAc1 results in an inability to rapidly downregulate cytosolic Ca2+ levels shortly after invasion. Furthermore, we demonstrate that PKAc1 also specifically negatively regulates resting cytosolic Ca2+ in conditions that mimic intracellularity. We also show that cAMP and cGMP have opposing role in microneme secretion, further supporting evidence that cAMP signalling has a suppressive role during motility. Together, this work provides a new paradigm in understanding how Toxoplasma and related apicomplexan parasites regulate infectivity.

microbiology↗