Biology subjects

Welhaven, H.

Publications and source records attributed to Welhaven, H..

4 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Adenine-induced kidney disease alters the cortical bone metabolome of C57BL/6J mice in a manner that depends on sex

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) increases the likelihood of bone fracture as well as post-fracture mortality. The loss of bone fracture resistance in CKD results from both a loss of bone mass and decreased bone material properties, which together result from changes to the health and activities of bone cells. Determining changes to bone tissue metabolism with CKD may reveal insights important to monitoring and mitigating the decrease in bone fracture resistance that commonly occurs as a result of this disease. In this study, untargeted metabolomics was conducted on marrow-flushed cortical tibiae from female and male C57BL/6J mice fed either a control or 0.2% w/w adenine diet. The diets were continued over 3.5 or 7 weeks to produce different severities of kidney injury. Liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to assess metabolites from tibia extracts. Group comparisons (CKD vs control, 7 weeks vs 3.5 weeks, female vs male) were conducted using principal components analysis (PCA), partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA), and hierarchical clustering. Clusters of metabolites were also assessed using ensemble clustering and cluster optimization analysis (ECCO). Volcano plots and VIP scores were used to identify individual metabolites that differed between groups. Pathway analyses were then conducted from these metabolites. The CKD mice, compared with control mice, had dysregulated essential and nonessential amino acid pathways along with altered pathways associated with sugar and fatty acid metabolism. Compared with mice fed an adenine diet for 3.5 weeks, the mice fed an adenine diet over 7 weeks showed dysregulations in the pentose phosphate pathway along with essential and nonessential amino acid metabolism, porphyrin metabolism, steroid hormone biosynthesis, and other pathways relevant to energy production. Sex differences were apparent in the bone tissue metabolomes of females and males. Compared to males, females experienced dysregulations in essential and nonessential amino acid pathways along with other pathways associated with energy derivation, such as pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. These results demonstrate that CKD alters bone tissue metabolism and reveals novel insights into metabolic dysregulation in disease as well as important sex differences in these metabolic processes. Graphical Abstract O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=164 SRC="FIGDIR/small/657438v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (38K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@eb7e57org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@b3875aorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@7b5c70org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@f1d5ed_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG (A) Generalized group comparisons utilizing Partial Component Analysis (PCA), Partial Least Squares-Discriminant Analysis (PLS-DA), and Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA). (B) Pathway analysis utilizing volcano plots and VIP scores plots. (C) Pathway analysis results for comparisons between adenine-induced CKD and control groups, 7-week and 3.5-week diet groups, and female and male groups. A red arrow denotes a set of pathways that were downregulated, a black arrow denotes a set of pathways that were upregulated, and a gray arrow denotes a category of pathways that contained both upregulations and downregulations.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2025

In C57Bl6 Mice, Obesity and Subsequent Weight Loss Negatively Affected the Skeleton and Shifted the Cortical Bone Metabolome

Obesity and calorie restriction each negatively affect skeletal health. Despite the negative effects of weight loss on the skeleton, obese patients are advised to lose weight via calorie restriction. Additionally, obesity and weight loss individually alter both whole-body and local metabolism. Little is known about bone quality and changes to the cortical metabolome following calorie restriction in obese preclinical models. We hypothesized that caloric restriction would worsen bone quality in obese mice by shifting the cortical bone metabolome. To induce obesity, 8-week-old male and female C57BL6/J mice received 60% high-fat diet for 12 weeks. From 20 to 30 weeks of age, mice either remained obese or lost weight through 30% caloric restriction. Control animals received a 10% low-fat diet. Bodyweight and fat mass were increased by obesity and decreased with calorie restriction. Similarly, glucose and insulin tolerance were worsened with obesity but improved by weight loss. Compared to obesity, calorie restriction elicited more bone loss in both cortical and trabecular compartments. Weight loss also reduced bone formation. Both obesity and subsequent calorie restriction altered the cortical bone metabolome in a sex-dependent manner. Metabolic pathways altered with diet generally mapped to amino acid or fatty acid metabolism. In males, weight loss was associated with a downregulation of pathways related to tryptophan, tyrosine, ubiquinone, and fatty acids. In females, calorie restriction downregulated taurine and hypotaurine metabolism but upregulated pyrimidine metabolism, nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, and pantothenate and CoA biosynthesis. Our findings highlight the negative effects of obesity and subsequent caloric restriction on the skeleton. Despite improvements in components of systemic metabolism, caloric restriction in obese preclinical models did not restore bone morphology or the cortical metabolome to control conditions.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2024

The metabolome of individuals with knee osteoarthritis is influenced by 18-months of an exercise and weight loss intervention and sex: the IDEA trial

ObjectiveThe Intensive Diet and Exercise for Arthritis (IDEA) trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of diet and exercise on osteoarthritis (OA), the most prevalent form of arthritis. Various risk factors, such as obesity and sex, contribute to the debilitating nature of OA. While diet and exercise are known to improve OA symptoms, cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying these interventions, as well as effects of participant sex, remain elusive. MethodsSerum was obtained at three timepoints from IDEA participants assigned to groups of diet, exercise, or combined diet and exercise (n=10 per group). All serum metabolites were extracted and analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with metabolomic profiling. Extracted serum was pooled and fragmentation patterns were analyzed to identify metabolites that statistically differentially regulated between groups. ResultsChanges in metabolism across male and female IDEA participants after 18-months of diet, exercise, and combined diet and excise intervention mapped to lipid, amino acid, carbohydrate, vitamin, and matrix metabolism. The diverse metabolic landscape detected across IDEA participants shows that intervention type impacts the serum metabolome of individuals with OA in distinct patterns. Moreover, differences in the serum metabolome corresponded with participant sex. ConclusionsThese findings suggest that intensive weight loss among male and female subjects offers potential metabolic benefits for individuals with knee OA. This provides a deeper understanding of dysregulation occurring during OA development that may pave the way for improved interventions, treatments, and quality of life of those impacted by this disease.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2022

The gut microbiome has sexually dimorphic effects on bone tissue energy metabolism and multiscale bone quality in C57BL/6J mice

The gut microbiome impacts bone mass, implying a disruption to bone homeostasis, yet significant uncertainty remains regarding the impacts of the gut microbiome on remodeling bone cells. The gut microbiome is thought to be essential for normal biomineralization, but the specific consequences of the absent gut microbiome on tissue mineralization and multiscale bone quality are not determined. We hypothesized that bone homeostasis and tissue-scale metabolism, tissue mineralization, and whole-bone biomechanics are altered in germ-free (GF) C57BL/6J mice. Further, because many characteristics of the gut microbiome are sexually dimorphic, we hypothesized that the gut microbiome would show important sex differences with regards to its impact on bone quality. Differences between GF and conventional mouse bone extended from bone tissue metabolism to whole bone biomechanics. Cortical bone tissue from male mice had a greater signature of amino acid metabolism whereas female cells had a greater signature of lipid metabolism. These sex differences were also present in GF mice and were indeed even more stark. GF increased cortical femur bone formation for both sexes and decreased bone resorption and osteoclast density only in females. GF similarly increased cortical femur tissue mineralization and altered collagen structure for both sexes but led to greater gains in distal femur trabecular microarchitecture for males. Whole femur strength was similarly increased with GF for both sexes, but males had a greater increase in modulus. GF did not impact fracture toughness for either sex. The altered bone quality with GF is multifactorial and is likely contributed to by differences in tissue-scale composition as well as lower cortical porosity. Together, these data demonstrate that the gut microbiome influences bone cells and multiscale bone quality, but that the specific relationships that underlie these effects to bone are different for females and males.

microbiology↗