Biology subjects

Wang, Y. W.

Publications and source records attributed to Wang, Y. W..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Comparative Whole-Brain Mapping of Isoflurane and Ketamine-Activated Nuclei and Functional Networks

Ketamine (KET) and isoflurane (ISO) are two widely used general anesthetics, yet their distinct and shared neurophysiological mechanisms remain elusive. In this study, we conducted a comparative analysis of the effects of KET and ISO on c-Fos expression across the brain, utilizing hierarchical clustering and c-Fos-based functional network analysis to evaluate the responses of individual brain regions to each anesthetic. Our findings reveal that KET activates a wide range of brain regions, notably in the cortical and subcortical nuclei involved in sensory, motor, emotional, and reward processing, with the temporal association areas (TEa) as a strong hub, suggesting a top-down mechanism affecting consciousness by primarily targeting higher-order cortical networks. In contrast, ISO predominantly influences brain regions in the hypothalamus, impacting neuroendocrine control, autonomic function, and homeostasis, with the locus coeruleus (LC) as a connector hub, indicating a bottom-up mechanism in anesthetic-induced unconsciousness. KET and ISO both activate brain areas involved in sensory processing, memory and cognition, reward and motivation, as well as autonomic and homeostatic control, highlighting their shared effects on various neural pathways. In conclusion, our results highlight the distinct but overlapping effects of KET and ISO, enriching our understanding of the mechanisms underlying general anesthesia.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2021

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus and parthenogenetic Asian longhorned tick Haemaphysalis longicornis (Acari: Ixodidae)

Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome virus (SFTSV) is spreading rapidly in Asia. It is transmitted by Haemaphysalis longicornis (Asian longhorned tick, ALT), which has both parthenogenetically and sexually reproducing populations. Parthenogenetic populations were found in at least 15 provinces in China and strongly correlated with the distribution of SFTS. The distribution of SFTS cases was however poorly correlated with the distribution of populations of bisexual ALTs. Phylogeographic analysis suggested that the parthenogenetic population spread much faster than bisexual population because colonization is independent of sexual reproduction. A higher proportion of parthenogenetic ALTs were collected from migratory birds captured at an SFTS endemic area, implicating the contribution to the long-range movement of ALTs in China. The SFTSV susceptibility of parthenogenetic females was like that of bisexual females under laboratory conditions. These results suggest that parthenogenetic ALT, probably transported by migratory birds, play a major role in the rapid spread of SFTSV. Article Summary LineThe parthenogenetic population of Asian longhorned tick is broadly distributed in China and plays a major role in the long-distance spread of SFTSV and perhaps future invasion of countries outside of Asia.

evolutionary biology↗

bioRxiv2020

β-cell SENP1 facilitates responsiveness to incretins and limits oral glucose intolerance in high fat fed mice

SUMOylation reduces oxidative stress and preserves islet mass; but this happens at the expense of robust insulin secretion. To investigate a role for the deSUMOylating enzyme sentrin-specific protease 1 (SENP1) in glycemia following metabolic stress, we put pancreas/gut-specific SENP1 knockout mice (pSENP1-KO) on an 8-10-week high fat diet (HFD). Male pSENP1-KO mice were more glucose intolerant following HFD than littermate controls, but this was only obvious in response to oral glucose, and a similar but milder phenotype was observed in females. Plasma incretin responses were identical, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) was equally upregulated after HFD, in pSENP1-KO and - WT littermates. Islet mass was not different, but insulin secretion and {beta}-cell exocytotic responses to Exendin4 (Ex4) and GIP were impaired in islets lacking SENP1. Glucagon secretion from pSENP1-KO islets was also reduced, consistent with the expected SENP1 knockout in all islet cells, so we generated {beta}-cell-specific SENP1 knockout mice ({beta}SENP1-KO). These phenocopied the pSENP1-KO mice with selective impairment in oral glucose tolerance following HFD, preserved islet mass expansion, and impaired {beta}-cell exocytosis and insulin secretion to Ex4 and GIP. Thus, {beta}-cell SENP1 limits glucose intolerance following HFD by ensuring a robust facilitation of insulin secretion by incretins such as GIP.

physiology↗