Glutarate regulates T cell function and metabolism
T cell function is influenced by several metabolites; some acting through enzymatic inhibition of -KG-dependent dioxygenases (KGDDs), others, through post-translational modification of lysines in important targets. We show here that glutarate, a product of amino acid catabolism, has the capacity to do both, with effects on T cell function and differentiation. Glutarate exerts those effects through KGDD inhibition and through direct regulation of T cell metabolism via post-translational modification of the pyruvate dehydrogenase E2 subunit. Diethyl-glutarate, a cell-permeable form of glutarate, alters CD8+ T cell differentiation and increases cytotoxicity against target cells. In vivo administration of the compound reduces tumor growth and is correlated with increased levels of both peripheral and intratumoral cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. These results demonstrate that glutarate regulates both T cell metabolism and differentiation, with a potential role in the improvement of T cell immunotherapy.