Association of the types of alcoholic beverages and blood lipids in a local population in Jharkhand, India
Although light-to-moderate alcohol consumption is considered beneficial, alcohol in binge doses or high cumulative lifetime consumption leads to cardiovascular diseases, metabolic syndrome and structural damage to various organs. Alcohol is known to alter blood lipid concentrations; however, the association of the types of alcohol on the lipid profile has not been investigated extensively. A cross-sectional study involving male participants (n = 86) aged 20 to 60 from the Ranchi and Dhanbad zone of Jharkhand, India, was carried out to investigate the effects of cumulative lifetime consumption of Haria, a local rice-based fermented alcohol, Indian made foreign liquor (IMFL), and a combination of the two on the blood lipid profiles. Demographic characteristics, dietary intake and medical history were obtained from the participants by questionnaire, and lipid levels were determined by analysis of blood samples. The effect of Haria alone on the blood lipids was also investigated on the local female population (n = 31). After adjusting for demographic and dietary factors, IMFL and combination of IMFL and Haria consumption was associated with increased serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, and low density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol levels (P < 0.05) and decreased high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol levels (P < 0.05). None of the blood lipids changed significantly in Haria consumers in both male and female groups. This study suggests that Haria, a popular alcoholic beverage of West Bengal and east-central India, is a relatively safe local alcoholic beverage and does not alter the lipid profile in consumers.