Single-cell sequencing of the adult killifish (N. furzeri) brain identifies an atypical progenitor, glial and neuronal heterogeneity
The African turquoise killifish combines a short lifespan with spontaneous age-dependent loss of neuroregenerative capacity. The stem cell niches driving neuroregeneration and their molecular signatures remain elusive. To investigate this, we performed scRNA-seq of the adult telencephalon, combined with full-length transcriptomics using ISO-seq. Our results unveil about 25 cell types including neurons and progenitors of glial-and non-glial nature. Subclustering of progenitors identifies four radial glia (RG), and two non-glial progenitor (NGP) cell states. Combining the molecular profiles with spatial mapping of the RG clusters, reveals two spatially divergent astroglia, one ependymal, and one neuroepithelial-like subtype. We propose neuroepithelial-like RG and NGPs to be the start and intercessor populations of both neuro- and gliogenic lineages. Neuronal classification reveals distinct subtypes and lineages corresponding to excitatory and inhibitory neurons. This catalogue of telencephalon cell types is an extensive resource to understand the molecular basis of intrinsic plasticity shaping adult neuro- and gliogenesis. HighlightsO_LIScRNA-seq and ISO-seq identified a complete cell catalogue of the adult killifish telencephalon C_LIO_LIProgenitor diversity revealed the presence of spatially-defined (astro)glial subtypes C_LIO_LIA neuroepithelial radial glia population marks the start point of neurogenesis, accompanied by proliferative non-glial progenitors C_LIO_LIImmature neurons form transcriptional subgroups that correspond to excitatory and inhibitory mature neuronal cell types C_LIO_LIThis cellular atlas is a basis for studying neurogenesis and neuro-regeneration upon injury, disease and aging C_LI