Quantitative Nanohistology of aging dermal collagen
While the external signs of skin aging have been well-defined throughout history, much less is known about aging within the ultrastructure of our skin. Our skin, the largest organ in our body, is structured by collagen through fibrils or large sheets. With the increased use of nanometrology tools in histology, it is now possible to explore how the aging process affects collagen at its most fundamental level, the collagen fibril. Here, we show how atomic force microscopy-based quantitative nanohistology can differentiate skin from different age groups and anatomical sites. Following the definition of specific collagen biomarkers at the nanoscale, we used a segmentation approach to quantify the prevalence of 4 structural biomarkers over a dataset of 42,000 images (30 donors) complemented by extensive nanomechanical analyses (30,000 indentation curves) on histological sections. Our results demonstrate that specific age-related collagen fingerprints could be found when comparing the % prevalence of each marker between the papillary and reticular dermis. A case of abnormal biological aging validated our markers and nanohistology approach. This first extensive study focusing on defining signs of dermal aging at the nanoscale proves we are all unique to our dermal collagen ultrastructure.