Direct disassembly of alpha-syn preformed fibrils into native alpha-syn monomers by an all-D-peptide
Parkinsons disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative movement disorder worldwide. One of its central features is the neurodegeneration that starts in the substantia nigra and progressively tends to involve other brain regions. -Synuclein (-syn) and its aggregation during pathogenesis have been drawn into the center of attention, where especially soluble oligomeric and fibrillar structures are thought to play a key role in cell-to-cell transmission and induction of toxic effects. Here, we report the development of all-D-enantiomeric peptide ligands that bind monomeric -syn with high affinity, thereby stabilizing the physiological intrinsically disordered structure and preventing initiation of aggregation, and more important, disassembling already existing aggregates. This "anti prionic" mode of action (MoA) has the advantage over other MoAs that it eliminates the particles responsible for disease propagation directly and independently of the immune system, thereby restoring the physiological monomer. Based on mirror image phage display on the D-enantiomeric full-length -syn target, we identified SVD-1 and SVD-1a by next generation sequencing, Thioflavin-T screens and rational design. The compounds were analyzed with regard to their anti-aggregation potential and both compounds showed aggregation delaying as well as seed capacity reducing effects in de novo and seeded environments, respectively. High affinity towards the monomeric -syn, in the low nano- to picomolar KD range was identified by surface plasmon resonance (SPR). SVD-1a reduced toxic effects as well as intracellular seeding capacity of -syn pre-fromed fibrils (PFF) in cell culture. SVD-1a disassembled -syn PFF into monomers as identified by atomic force microscopy (AFM), time dependent dynamic light scattering (DLS) and size exclusion chromatography (SEC) analysis. The present work provides promising results on the development of lead compounds with this anti-prionic mode of action for treatment of Parkinsons disease and other synucleinopathies.