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Tsuchiya, T.

Publications and source records attributed to Tsuchiya, T..

18 recordsLinked to original sources

Adapting Upright Light Sheet Fluorescence Microscopy for Imaging at Air-Liquid Interface

Light sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) is increasingly appreciated as the gold standard for gentle, volumetric imaging with fast acquisition speeds and/or long imaging durations. However, the often-constrained sample space of these microscopes has precluded a specific class of biological specimens from being studied with these tools: those requiring an air-liquid interface (ALI). Here, we present a device for robust imaging at ALI on an upright light sheet microscope with dipping objectives. We demonstrate the system using three relevant use-cases: ex vivo embryonic mouse salivary glands, human epidermal equivalent cultures, and in vivo adult Drosophila melanogaster brains. While the device presented is engineered for one specific light sheet microscope design, it provides a blueprint for easy adaptation to other systems. In doing so, it can potentially spur the use of LSFM for model systems that have so far been unable to take advantage of this powerful technology.

bioengineering↗

Epithelial Reprogramming and Transition during Pulmonary Bioengineering

Recent research has emphasized the critical role of cell state transitions in tissue homeostasis. In lung biology, transitional cells are recognized as a feature of tissue-scale processes during both normal physiology and disease. The precise way that transitional cell states emerge and are regulated remains to be determined. Engineered tissues, built in a laboratory through bioengineering approaches, allow detailed study of cellular states that are not commonly found in native biology, and allow opportunities to directly induce and manipulate cellular transitions. The following study explores and characterizes epithelial cell states that emerge via cellular reprogramming in a tissue engineering context. O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=172 SRC="FIGDIR/small/701406v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (68K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1d456f3org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1989ba5org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@127dd7org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@3dd7a_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG

bioengineering↗

A Tunable Pulmonary Organoid Model Demonstrates Compositionally Driven Epithelial Plasticity and Immune Polarization

Summary/AbstractAberrant epithelial regeneration and immune remodeling are hallmarks of chronic lung diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), COPD, and post-viral syndromes. Yet how cellular context shapes these trajectories remains unresolved. We present a tunable, primary rat-derived lung organoid model that systematically varies immune, epithelial, and mesenchymal inputs to reveal how composition alone dictates epithelial plasticity and macrophage polarization. Across organoid conditions that varied by relative starting lineage ratios, we observed the spontaneous emergence of disease-relevant transitional cell states, including Sox9+ stressed progenitors, RAS-like intermediates, and hillock-like cells, alongside distinct macrophage activation profiles. In mesenchyme-rich contexts, epithelial-immune-mesenchymal crosstalk appeared to reinforce inflammatory signaling and stabilize transitional persistence, while immune-dominant inputs favored ATI-like repair and squamous remodeling. Hillock-like cells displayed context-specific polarization and expressed immune-regulatory genes, suggesting a role as epithelial orchestrators that help calibrate inflammatory response during regeneration. Connectomic analysis via NICHES revealed that regenerative outcomes were associated with dynamic multicellular signaling networks that integrate stress sensing, immune coordination, and epithelial resilience. This platform provides a tractable system for modeling milieu-specific repair and regenerative mechanisms and could inform therapeutic strategies aimed at redirecting epithelial fate in chronic lung disease.

bioengineering↗

Global loss of responsiveness in key regulator metabolites and elevated enzyme proteins as metabolic dysregulation in skeletal muscle and liver of obese mice during starvation

Starvation induces complex metabolic adaptations in skeletal muscle, a key tissue for maintaining energy homeostasis; however, these adaptations are largely impaired in obesity. How obesity alters global metabolic adaptations to starvation in skeletal muscle remains unclear. Here, we analyzed the metabolic adaptations on a trans-omics scale during starvation in skeletal muscle from wild-type (WT) and leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice. We measured multi-omics data during starvation and constructed global trans-omics networks in WT and ob/ob mice. We found that starvation induces "responsiveness" in WT mice, characterized by increases or decreases in key regulator metabolites, including ATP and AMP, as well as enzyme proteins, leading to global regulation of metabolic pathways, which was lost in ob/ob mice. In contrast, during starvation, ob/ob mice exhibit "difference" in comparison to WT mice, manifested by the persistently elevated expression of metabolic enzymes. These features were similarly found in liver, another key metabolic organ. Thus, global loss of responsiveness and elevated enzyme proteins are systemic features of metabolic dysregulation in ob/ob mice.

systems biology↗

Engineered Whole Lungs for Tissue Biology

End-stage lung disease and lung cancer significantly contribute to global mortality, necessitating new research strategies for studying pulmonary biology. Here, we present an engineered whole-lung tissue model used to evaluate the effects of cellular communities on tissue organization and alveolar barrier function. Engineered lungs were grown ex vivo on decellularized whole-lung matrices as structurally biomimetic, bioactive scaffolds. Histologic architecture of engineered lungs improved with the addition of alveolar macrophages, coming to resemble neonatal lung. Incorporating alveolar macrophages maximized the differentiation of native-like cellular communities, including alveolar type I-like epithelium, bronchioalveolar stem cells, microvascular endothelium, and pericytes. Cell-cell signaling in engineered lungs showed activation of developmental and inflammatory pathways, including WNT, Notch, and FGF signaling pathways. Engineered lungs containing alveolar macrophages showed a 668% improvement in measured alveolar barrier function. This work demonstrates the potential utility of engineered lung models for studying principles of tissue biology and pulmonary regeneration.

bioengineering↗

Patho-transcriptomic analysis of invasive mucinous adenocarcinoma of the lung (IMA): comparison with lung adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell features (SRCC)

BackgroundInvasive mucinous adenocarcinoma (IMA) comprises [~]5% of lung adenocarcinoma. There is no effective therapy for IMA when surgical resection is not possible. IMA is sometimes confused with adenocarcinoma with signet ring cell features (SRCC) pathologically since both adenocarcinomas feature tumor cells with abundant intracellular mucin. The molecular mechanisms by which such mucin-producing lung adenocarcinomas develop remain unknown. MethodsUsing a Visium spatial transcriptomics approach, we analyzed IMA and compared it with SRCC patho-transcriptomically. Combining spatial transcriptomics data with in vitro studies using RNA-seq and ChIP-seq, we assessed downstream targets of transcription factors HNF4A and SPDEF that are highly expressed in IMA and/or SRCC. ResultsSpatial transcriptomics analysis indicated that there are 6 distinct cell clusters in IMA and SRCC. Notably, two clusters (C1 and C3) of mucinous tumor cells exist in both adenocarcinomas albeit at a different ratio. Importantly, a portion of genes (e.g., NKX2-1, GKN1, HNF4A and FOXA3) are distinctly expressed while some mucous-related genes (e.g., SPDEF and FOXA2) are expressed in both adenocarcinomas. We determined that HNF4A induces MUC3A/B and TM4SF4 and that BI 6015, an HNF4A antagonist, suppressed the growth of IMA cells. Using mutant SPDEF that is associated with COVID-19, we also determined that an intact DNA-binding domain of SPDEF is required for SPDEF-mediated induction of mucin genes (MUC5AC, MUC5B and AGR2). Additionally, we found that XMU-MP-1, a SPDEF inhibitor, suppressed the growth of IMA cells. ConclusionThese results revealed that IMA and SRCC contain heterogenous tumor cell types, some of which are targetable.

cancer biology↗

Structural robustness and temporal vulnerability of the starvation-responsive metabolic network in liver of healthy and obese mice

Adaptation to starvation is a multi-molecular and temporally ordered process, that could be impaired in obesity. To elucidate how the healthy liver regulates various molecules in a temporally ordered manner during starvation and how obesity disrupts this process, we measured time course multiomic data in the liver of wild-type (WT) and leptin-deficient obese (ob/ob) mice during starvation. Using the measured data, we constructed a starvation-responsive metabolic network, that is a transomic network including responsive molecules and their regulatory relationships during starvation, and analyzed the structure of the network. In WT mice, ATP and AMP, the energy indicators, regulated various metabolic reactions in the network as the hub molecules, both of which were not responsive in ob/ob mice. However, the structural properties of the network were maintained in ob/ob mice. In WT mice, the molecules in the network were temporally ordered through metabolic process coordinated by the hub molecules including ATP and AMP and were positively or negatively co-regulated. By contrast, both temporal order and co-regulation were disrupted in ob/ob mice. Taken together, the starvation-responsive metabolic network is structurally robust, but temporally vulnerable by the loss of responsiveness of the hub molecules in obesity. In addition, we proposed a potential therapeutic target to treat the negative effects of obesity on intermittent fasting to extend lifespan. One Sentence SummaryHub molecules activate or inhibit various molecules in a temporally ordered manner in healthy liver, and the regulatory network is structurally robust but temporally vulnerable to obesity.

systems biology↗

Organ Boundary Circuits Regulate Sox9+ Alveolar Tuft Cells During Post-Pneumonectomy Lung Regeneration

Tissue homeostasis is controlled by cellular circuits governing cell growth, organization, and differentation. In this study we identify previously undescribed cell-to-cell communication that mediates information flow from mechanosensitive pleural mesothelial cells to alveolar-resident stem-like tuft cells in the lung. We find mesothelial cells to express a combination of mechanotransduction genes and lineage-restricted ligands which makes them uniquely capable of responding to tissue tension and producing paracrine cues acting on parenchymal populations. In parallel, we describe a large population of stem-like alveolar tuft cells that express the endodermal stem cell markers Sox9 and Lgr5 and a receptor profile making them uniquely sensitive to cues produced by pleural Mesothelium. We hypothesized that crosstalk from mesothelial cells to alveolar tuft cells might be central to the regulation of post-penumonectomy lung regeneration. Following pneumonectomy, we find that mesothelial cells display radically altered phenotype and ligand expression, in a pattern that closely tracks with parenchymal epithelial proliferation and alveolar tissue growth. During an initial pro-inflammatory stage of tissue regeneration, Mesothelium promotes epithelial proliferation via WNT ligand secretion, orchestrates an increase in microvascular permeability, and encourages immune extravasation via chemokine secretion. This stage is followed first by a tissue remodeling period, characterized by angiogenesis and BMP pathway sensitization, and then a stable return to homeostasis. Coupled with key changes in parenchymal structure and matrix production, the cumulative effect is a now larger organ including newly-grown, fully-functional tissue parenchyma. This study paints Mesothelial cells as a key orchestrating cell type that defines the boundary of the lung and exerts critical influence over the tissue-level signaling state regulating resident stem cell populations. The cellular circuits unearthed here suggest that human lung regeneration might be inducible through well-engineered approaches targeting the induction of tissue regeneration and safe return to homeostasis.

systems biology↗

CXCL17 binds efficaciously to glycosaminoglycans with the potential to modulate chemokine signalling

CXCL17 is a mucosally secreted protein, and the most recently identified human chemokine, an assignment based on protein fold prediction and chemotactic activity for leukocytes. However, these credentials have been the subject of much recent discussion and no experimental evidence has been presented regarding the definitive structure of CXCL17. In this study, we evaluated the structural and chemoattractant credentials of CXCL17 to better characterise this molecule, and gain deeper insights into its functional role as a glycosaminoglycan (GAG) binding protein. In the absence of structural information, in silico modelling techniques assessed the likelihood of CXCL17 adopting a chemokine-fold. Recombinant CXCL17 was synthesized in mammalian and prokaryotic systems. Modified Boyden chamber and real-time chemotaxis assays assessed the ability of CXCL17 to promote chemotaxis of murine splenocytes, human neutrophils and CXCR1-transfectants. The efficacy of CXCL17 binding to GAGs was quantified with solid-phase assays and bio-layer interferometry techniques. All modelling efforts failed to support classification of CXCL17 as a chemokine based on its predicted conformation. Recombinant CXCL17 was observed to dimerize as a function of concentration, a characteristic of several chemokines. Contrary to a previous report, CXCL17 was not chemotactic for murine splenocytes, although it was a low-potency chemoattractant for human neutrophils at micromolar concentrations, several orders of magnitude higher than those required for CXCL8. As anticipated due to its highly basic nature, CXCL17 bound to GAGs robustly, with key C-terminal motifs implicated in this process. While inactive via CXCR1, CXCL17 was found to inhibit CXCR1-mediated chemotaxis of transfectants to CXCL8 in a dose-dependent manner. In summary, despite finding little evidence for chemokine-like structure and function, CXCL17 readily bound GAGs, and could modulate chemotactic responses to another chemokine in vitro. We postulate that such modulation is a consequence of superior GAG-binding, and that C-terminal fragments of CXCL17 may serve as prototypic inhibitors of chemokine function.

immunology↗

MOCCS profile analysis clarifies the cell type dependency of transcription factor-binding sequences and cis-regulatory SNPs in humans

Transcription factors (TFs) show heterogeneous DNA-binding specificities in individual cells and whole organisms in natural conditions): de novo motif discovery usually provides multiple motifs even from a single ChIP-seq sample. Despite the accumulation of ChIP-seq data and ChIP-seq-derived motifs, the diversity of DNA-binding specificities across different TFs and cell types remains largely unexplored. Here, we propose MOCCS profiles, the new representation of DNA-binding specificity of TFs, which describes a ChIP-seq sample as a profile of TF-binding specificity scores (MOCCS2scores) for every k-mer sequence. Using our k-mer-based motif discovery method MOCCS2, we systematically computed MOCCS profiles for >10,000 human TF ChIP-seq samples across diverse TFs and cell types. Comparison of MOCCS profiles revealed the global distributions of DNA-binding specificities, and found that one-third of the analyzed TFs showed differences in DNA-binding specificities across cell types. Moreover, we showed that the differences in MOCCS2scores ({Delta}MOCCS2scores) predicted the effect of variants on TF binding, validated by in vitro and in vivo assay datasets. We also demonstrate {Delta}MOCCS2scores can be used to interpret non-coding GWAS-SNPs as TF-affecting SNPs and provide their candidate responsible TFs and cell types. Our study provides the basis for investigating gene expression regulation and non-coding disease-associated variants in humans.

bioinformatics↗

In vivo transomic analyses of glucose-responsive metabolism in skeletal muscle reveal core differences between the healthy and obese states

Metabolic regulation in skeletal muscle is essential for blood glucose homeostasis. Obesity causes insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, leading to hyperglycemia and type 2 diabetes. In this study, we performed multiomic analysis of the skeletal muscle of wild-type (WT) and genetically obese (ob/ob) mice, and constructed regulatory transomic networks for metabolism after oral glucose administration. Our network revealed that metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites had a major effect on WT mice, especially carbohydrate metabolic pathways. By contrast, in ob/ob mice, much of the metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive metabolites was lost and metabolic regulation by glucose-responsive genes was largely increased, especially in carbohydrate and lipid metabolic pathways. We present some characteristic metabolic regulatory pathways found in central carbon, branched amino acids, and ketone body metabolism. Our transomic analysis will provide insights into how skeletal muscle responds to changes in blood glucose and how it fails to respond in obesity.

systems biology↗

Gut-liver-axis microphysiological system for studying cellular fluidic shear stress and inter-tissue interaction

Gut-liver-axis (GLA) is a fundamental interaction between the gut and liver for maintaining human health. To clarify the physiological and pathological roles of GLA in the human body, a GLA microphysiological system (GLA-MPS) holds great potential. However, in current GLA-MPS, the importance of a physiologically relevant flow for gut and liver cells cultivation is not fully addressed. In addition, the integration of individual organ perfusion, circulation flow, and organ tissue functions in a single device has not been achieved. Here, we introduce a GLA-MPS by integrating two cell culture chambers with individually applied perfusion flows and a circulation channel with an on-chip pneumatic micropump under cell culture chambers via a porous membrane for interconnecting them. We analyzed the fluid shear stress (FSS) with computational fluid dynamics simulations and confirmed that the physiologically relevant FSS (i.e., 8 x 10-3 and 1.2 x 10-7 dyne cm-2) could be applied for the gut (Caco-2) and liver (HepG2) cells, respectively. Under physiologically relevant flow, the Caco-2 and HepG2 cells in the GLA-MPS maintained a cell survival rate of 95% and 92%, respectively; further, they enhanced the expression of functional proteins such as zonula occludens 1 (ZO-1) and albumin (ALB), respectively. Thus, the presented GLA-MPS can be adapted as an advanced in vitro model in a wide range of applications for disease modeling associated with inter-tissue interactions, such as fatty liver diseases.

bioengineering↗

CCPLS reveals cell-type-specific spatial dependence of transcriptomes in single cells

MotivationCell-cell communications regulate internal cellular states, e.g., gene expression and cell functions, and play pivotal roles in normal development and disease states. Furthermore, single-cell RNA sequencing methods have revealed cell-to-cell expression variability of highly variable genes (HVGs), which is also crucial. Nevertheless, the regulation on cell-to-cell expression variability of HVGs via cell-cell communications is still largely unexplored. The recent advent of spatial transcriptome methods has linked gene expression profiles to the spatial context of single cells, which has provided opportunities to reveal those regulations. The existing computational methods extract genes with expression levels influenced by neighboring cell types. However, limitations remain in the quantitativeness and interpretability: they neither focus on HVGs nor consider the effects of multiple neighboring cell types. ResultsHere, we propose CCPLS (Cell-Cell communications analysis by Partial Least Square regression modeling), which is a statistical framework for identifying cell-cell communications as the effects of multiple neighboring cell types on cell-to-cell expression variability of HVGs, based on the spatial transcriptome data. For each cell type, CCPLS performs PLS regression modeling and reports coefficients as the quantitative index of the cell-cell communications. Evaluation using simulated data showed our method accurately estimated the effects of multiple neighboring cell types on HVGs. Furthermore, applications to the two real datasets demonstrate that CCPLS can extract biologically interpretable insights from the inferred cell-cell communications. AvailabilityThe R package is available at https://github.com/bioinfo-tsukuba/CCPLS. The data are available at https://github.com/bioinfo-tsukuba/CCPLS_paper. Contactharuka.ozaki@md.tsukuba.ac.jp Supplementary informationSupplementary data are available at Bioinformatics online.

bioinformatics↗

Leaders are made: Learning acquisition of consistent leader-follower relationships depends on implicit haptic interactions.

Are leaders made or born? Leader-follower roles have been well characterized in social science, but they remain somewhat obscure in sensory-motor coordination. Furthermore, it is unknown how and why leader-follower relationships are acquired, including innate versus acquired controversies. We developed a novel asymmetrical coordination task in which two participants (dyad) need to collaborate in transporting a simulated beam while maintaining its horizontal attitude. This experimental paradigm was implemented by twin robotic manipulanda, simulated beam dynamics, haptic interactions, and a projection screen. Clear leader-follower relationships were learned despite participants not being informed that they were interacting with each other, but only when strong haptic feedback was introduced. For the first time, we demonstrate the emergence of consistent leader-follower relationships in sensory-motor coordination, and further show that haptic interaction is essential for dyadic co-adaptation. These results provide insights into neural mechanisms responsible for the formation of leader-follower relationships in our society.

neuroscience↗

C57BL6 mouse substrains demonstrate differences in susceptibility to the demyelinating effects of Cuprizone toxin

Advances in our understanding of cellular functions and phenotypes in the brain rely on technically robust experimental in vivo models with face validity towards human disease. The cuprizone toxin-induced demyelination model is widely used to investigate pathophysiological mechanisms of demyelinating and remyelinating phases of multiple sclerosis. The C57BL6 mouse is a common inbred strain used as the genetic background for genetically engineered and congenic mice. Substrains of C57BL6 mice sourced from distinct vendors are often treated as equivalent in research studies. Here, we demonstrated that an alternative dosing approach via oral gavage with a well-tolerated, lower dose of cuprizone resulted in significant differences in C57BL/6NTac (Taconic) over C57BL/6J (Jax) mice. With consistent dosing of cuprizone for 5 weeks, body weights were significantly affected in C57BL/6NTac versus C57BL/6J mice. DT-MRI showed significant demyelination in white matter regions in the C57BL/6NTac mice. Concomitantly, histology analysis illustrated increased microgliosis and proliferation in C57BL/6NTac compared with C57BL/6J mice. These observations suggest that the C57BL/6NTac substrain of C57BL6 mice is more vulnerable to cuprizone challenge. Genetic factors along with breeder source appear to influence susceptibility to cuprizone toxin. Thus, the awareness of the limitations of in vivo models in addition to informed decision making on the appropriate background substrain can greatly improve sensitivity and reproducibility of results and use for evaluating investigational therapeutics.

neuroscience↗

Integrated gut-liver-on-a-chip platform as an in vitro human model of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) afflicts a large percentage of the population, but no effective treatments have been established so far because of the unsuitability of in vitro assays and experimental models using animals. By co-culturing human gut and liver cell lines interconnected via microfluidics for a closed circulation loop, we created a gut-liver-on-a-chip (iGLC) platform as an in vitro human model of the gut-liver axis (GLA) for the initiation and progression of NAFLD. Microscopic high-content analysis followed by mRNA sequencing showed that co-culturing the gut and liver cells significantly affected each cell type compared to culturing them separately. NAFLD-inducing free fatty acids (FFAs) accumulated in the gut cells and elevated gene expressions associated with retinol metabolism and glucuronidation. The FFA-treated liver cells accumulated intracellular lipid droplets and showed an increase in gene expressions associated with a cellular response to copper ions and endoplasmic reticulum stress. As an in vitro human GLA model, the iGLC platform may serve as an alternative to animal experiments for investigating NAFLD mechanisms.

bioengineering↗

A requirement for neutrophil glycosaminoglycans in the navigation of chemokine gradients is revealed by the streptococcal protease SpyCEP

To evade the immune system, the lethal human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes produces SpyCEP, an enzyme that cleaves the C-terminal -helix of CXCL8, resulting in markedly impaired recruitment of neutrophils to sites of invasive infection. The basis for chemokine inactivation by SpyCEP is, however, poorly understood, as the core domain of CXCL8 known to interact with CXCL8 receptors is unaffected by enzymatic cleavage.\n\nWe examined the in vitro migration of human neutrophils and observed that their ability to efficiently navigate a CXCL8 gradient was compromised following CXCL8 cleavage by SpyCEP. SpyCEP-mediated cleavage of CXCL8 also impaired CXCL8-induced migration of transfectants expressing the human chemokine receptors CXCR1 or CXCR2. Despite possessing an intact N-terminus and preserved disulphide bonds, SpyCEP-cleaved CXCL8 had impaired binding to both CXCR1 and CXCR2, pointing to a requirement for the C terminal -helix. SpyCEP-cleaved CXCL8 had similarly impaired binding to the glycosaminoglycan heparin. Enzymatic removal of neutrophil glycosaminoglycans was observed to ablate neutrophil navigation of a CXCL8 gradient, whilst navigation of an fMLP gradient remained largely intact.\n\nWe conclude therefore, that SpyCEP cleavage of CXCL8 results in chemokine inactivation due to a requirement for glycosaminoglycan binding in productive chemokine:receptor interactions. This may inform strategies to inhibit the activity of SpyCEP, but may also influence future approaches to inhibit unwanted chemokine-induced inflammation.

immunology↗

System Identification Using Compressed Sensing Reveals Signaling-Decoding System By Gene Expression

Cells decode information of signaling activation at a scale of tens of minutes by downstream gene expression with a scale of hours to days, leading to cell fate decisions such as cell differentiation. However, no system identification method with such different time scales exists. Here we used compressed sensing technology and developed a system identification method using data of different time scales by recovering signals of missing time points. We measured phosphorylation of ERK and CREB, immediate early gene expression products, and mRNAs of decoder genes for neurite elongation in PC12 cell differentiation and performed system identification, revealing the input-output relationships between signaling and gene expression with sensitivity such as graded or switch-like response and with time delay and gain, representing signal transfer efficiency. We predicted and validated the identified system using pharmacological perturbation. Thus, we provide a versatile method for system identification using data with different time scales.\n\nHighlightsO_LIWe developed a system identification method using compressed sensing.\nC_LIO_LIThis method allowed us to find a pathway using data of different time scales.\nC_LIO_LIWe identified a selective signaling-decoding system by gene expression.\nC_LIO_LIWe validated the identified system by pharmacological perturbation.\nC_LI\n\neTOC BlurbWe describe a system identification method of molecular networks with different time-scale data using a signal recovery technique in compressed sensing.

systems biology↗