e-cone and d-cone singularities drive submucosal collagen fiber remodeling in intestinal anastomotic surgery
Following resection of a diseased segment of intestine, a reconnection (anastomotic) geometry is chosen to reduce postoperative stress and optimize outcomes. As proper healing of an intestinal anastomosis is strongly affected by its mechanobiology, much attention has been devoted to the conical structures formed along the suture lines, where stress-focusing is expected. However, geometric considerations reveal that in addition to the obvious loci of stress-focusing, additional remote locations of stress-focusing may form. We identify conical structures that inevitably form within regions of otherwise uninterrupted tissue. In this work we use geometric analysis, finite element modeling (FEM), and in-vivo experiments to investigate these emergent stress-focusing structures, their mechanical stresses, and the resulting submucosal collagen fiber re-orientation, as these naturally arise in the side-to-side small bowel anastomosis (SBA), the most common configuration performed in patients. FEM predicts the appearance of remote high-stress regions. Allowing for tissue remodeling, our simulations also predict an increased dispersion of submucosal collagen fibers in these regions. In-vivo experiments performed on ten-week-old male C57BL/6 mice assigned the creation of side-to-side SBA or sham-laparotomy corroborate this result. Anastomoses were analyzed at sacrifice on post-operative day (POD) 14 and 88 with histologic-sectioning, staining, high magnification imaging, and submucosal collagen fiber orientation ({kappa}) mapping. The mean and variance of{kappa} , a measure of collagen fiber dispersion, at POD-14 far from the anastomosis show similar values to those obtained for sham-operated mice, while the FEM-predicted loci of stress-focusing display statistically significant higher values. The values at POD-88 at all loci show no statistically-significant difference, and agree with those of the sham-operated mice at POD-14.