Biology subjects

Tsalikis, A.

Publications and source records attributed to Tsalikis, A..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

MYC shapes ER-mitochondria calcium transfer by directly targeting ITPR1: implications for MYC-induced safeguard mechanisms and cancer

The MYC and NMYC transcription factors (TFs) play a key role in cell proliferation and are overexpressed in most cancer cells. However, in normal cells their overexpression triggers safeguard mechanisms promoting cell death and cellular senescence, which are bypassed in cancer cells. The mechanisms of action of this TF family are only partially understood. Here, we reveal that in normal cells MYC binds to the Inositol 1,4,5-Trisphosphate Receptor type 1 (ITPR1) gene and upregulates its expression, triggering an ER-mitochondria calcium (Ca2+) transfer, which is involved in MYC-induced cell death and senescence. Supporting a tumor suppressive role of MYC/ITPR1 axis, ITPR1 expression is generally decreased in cancer and reactivation of this pathway induces cancer cell death. Nevertheless, some cancer cells, generally expressing high levels of MYCN and/or MYC, also express high level of ITPR1, which correlates with high expression of BCL2, encoding an inhibitor of ITPR1. Strikingly, in high-risk MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma, ITPR1 expression is controlled by NMYC and its level correlates with worse patient survival. In these cells, blocking the interaction between BCL2 and ITPR1 induces mitochondrial Ca2+ accumulation and cell death, and decreases tumor size. Collectively these data highlight a new function of MYC factors by controlling Ca2+ signaling, which could constitute an unsuspected vulnerability for some cancer cells, including high-risk MYCN-amplified neuroblastoma cells.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Dysregulated SASS6 expression promotes increased ciliogenesis and cell invasion phenotypes

Centriole and/or cilia defects are characteristic of cancer cells and have been linked to cancer cell invasion. However, the mechanistic basis of these effects is unknown. Spindle assembly abnormal protein 6 homolog (SAS-6) is essential for centriole biogenesis and cilia formation. In cycling cells, SAS-6 undergoes APCCdh1-mediated targeted degradation by the 26S proteasome at the end of mitosis. Little is known about the function of SAS-6 outside of centrosome biogenesis. To examine this, we expressed a non-degradable SAS-6 mutant (SAS-6ND). Expression of SAS-6ND led to an increase in ciliation and cilia-dependent cell invasion, and caused an upregulation of the YAP/TAZ pathway. YAP/TAZ or ciliogenesis inhibition prevented SAS-6-induced invasion. SAS-6ND caused increased actin alignment and stress fiber coherency, and nuclear flattening known to promote YAP nuclear import. Finally, data from The Cancer Genome Atlas showed that SAS-6 overexpression is associated with poor prognosis in various cancers. Our data provide evidence for a defined role of SAS-6 in cancer cell invasion and offers mechanistic insight into the role of YAP/TAZ in this cilia-sensitive process. Synopsis O_FIG O_LINKSMALLFIG WIDTH=200 HEIGHT=157 SRC="FIGDIR/small/576599v1_ufig1.gif" ALT="Figure 1"> View larger version (48K): org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1cec0daorg.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@d73051org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@1a53e47org.highwire.dtl.DTLVardef@19bb05d_HPS_FORMAT_FIGEXP M_FIG C_FIG SAS-6 overexpressing cells show increased ciliation, actin cytoskeleton reorganization, cell flattening, YAP pathway activation and increased invasion

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2017

Primary cilia mediate diverse kinase inhibitor resistance mechanisms in cancer

Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that detect mechanical and chemical stimuli. Although cilia house a number of oncogenic molecules (including Smoothened, KRAS, EGFR, and PDGFR), their precise role in cancer remains unclear. We have interrogated the role of cilia in acquired and de novo resistance to a variety of kinase inhibitors, and found that in several examples, resistant cells are distinctly characterized by an increase in the number and/or length of cilia with altered structural features. Changes in cilia length seem to be linked to the lack of recruitment of Kif7 and IFT81 to cilia tips, and result in enhanced hedgehog pathway activation. Notably, Kif7 knockdown is sufficient to confer drug resistance in drug sensitive cells. Conversely, targeting of cilia length or integrity through genetic and pharmacological approaches overcomes kinase inhibitor resistance. The identification of a broad mechanism of pathway-unbiased drug resistance, represents a major advancement in oncology, and helps define a specific and important role for cilia in human cancer.

cell biology↗