Biology subjects

Trabzuni, D.

Publications and source records attributed to Trabzuni, D..

5 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Loss of catalytic activity and impaired proteostasis in guanosine nucleotide-depleted LRRK2

Coding mutations in the Leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) gene represent the most common cause of familial Parkinsons disease (PD), and are frequently observed in idiopathic PD. In addition, variation around the LRRK2 locus has been shown to alter PD risk by genome-wide association studies. Disease-causing mutations cluster within the catalytic core of LRRK2 - composed of GTPase (ROC) and serine-threonine kinase domains - and lead to an increase in kinase activity, resulting in hyperphosphorylation of a subset of RAB GTPases and consequent cellular toxicity. However, the interplay between LRRK2 GTPase and kinase domains, and with the surrounding scaffold regions has remained underexplored, with implications for the prediction of on- and off-target effects associated with kinase inhibition. To address this gap, here we dissected the contributions of kinase, GTPase and scaffold domains to LRRK2 function in murine macrophages and tissues expressing endogenous levels of GTP/GDP-binding deficient Lrrk2 T1348N. Guanosine nucleotide-free Lrrk2 is devoid of both GTPase and kinase activities but maintains the scaffold shell, leading to significant reshaping of Lrrk2 interactome and engagement in novel interactions. This altered functional state leads to impaired autophagy and accumulation of enlarged lysosomes and autophagic cargo in macrophages and kidneys. Since pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 is under clinical evaluation, our results reveal retained scaffold functions upon loss of catalytic activity that warrant careful consideration.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2023

Systematic visualisation of molecular QTLs reveals variant mechanisms at GWAS loci

Splicing quantitative trait loci (QTLs) have been implicated as a common mechanism underlying complex trait associations. However, utilising splicing QTLs in target discovery and prioritisation has been challenging due to extensive data normalisation which often renders the direction of the genetic effect as well as its magnitude difficult to interpret. This is further complicated by the fact that strong expression QTLs often manifest as weak splicing QTLs and vice versa, making it difficult to uniquely identify the underlying molecular mechanism at each locus. We find that these ambiguities can be mitigated by visualising the association between the genotype and average RNA sequencing read coverage in the region. Here, we generate these QTL coverage plots for 1.7 million molecular QTL associations in the eQTL Catalogue identified with five quantification methods. We illustrate the utility of these QTL coverage plots by performing colocalisation between vitamin D levels in the UK Biobank and all molecular QTLs in the eQTL Catalogue. We find that while visually confirmed splicing QTLs explain just 6/53 of the colocalising signals, they are significantly less pleiotropic than eQTLs and identify a prioritised causal gene in 4/6 cases. All our association summary statistics and QTL coverage plots are freely available at https://www.ebi.ac.uk/eqtl/.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2020

Regulation of mitophagy by the NSL complex underlies genetic risk for Parkinson's disease at Chr16q11.2 and on the MAPT H1 allele.

Parkinsons disease (PD) is a common incurable neurodegenerative disease. The identification of genetic variants via genome-wide association studies (GWAS) has considerably advanced our understanding of the PD genetic risk. Understanding the functional significance of the risk loci is now a critical step towards translating these genetic advances into an enhanced biological understanding of the disease. Impaired mitophagy is a key causative pathway in familial PD, but its relevance to idiopathic PD is unclear. We used a mitophagy screening assay to evaluate the functional significance of risk genes identified through GWAS. We identified two new regulators of PINK1-mitophagy, KAT8 and KANSL1, previously shown to modulate lysine acetylation. We show that KAT8 and KANSL1 modulate PINK1 gene expression and subsequent PINK1-mitophagy. These findings suggest PINK1-mitophagy is a contributing factor to idiopathic PD. KANSL1 is located on chromosome 17q21 where the risk associated gene has long been considered to be MAPT. While our data does not exclude a possible association between the MAPT gene and PD, it provides strong evidence that KANSL1 plays a crucial role in the disease. Finally, these results enrich our understanding of physiological events regulating mitophagy and establish a novel pathway for drug targeting in neurodegeneration.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Integration of eQTL and Parkinson’s disease GWAS data implicates 11 disease genes

Substantial genome-wide association study (GWAS) work in Parkinsons disease (PD) has led to an increasing number of loci shown reliably and robustly to be associated with the increased risk of the disease. Prioritising causative genes and pathways from these studies has proven problematic. Here, we present a comprehensive analysis of PD GWAS data with expression and methylation quantitative trait loci (eQTL/mQTL) using Colocalisation analysis (Coloc) and transcriptome-wide association analysis (TWAS) to uncover putative gene expression and splicing mechanisms driving PD GWAS signals. Candidate genes were further characterised by determining cell-type specificity, weighted gene co-expression (WGNCA) and protein-protein interaction (PPI) networks.\n\nGene-level analysis of expression revealed 5 genes (WDR6, CD38, GPNMB, RAB29, TMEM163) that replicated using both Coloc and TWAS analyses in both GTEx and Braineac expression datasets. A further 6 genes (ZRANB3, PCGF3, NEK1, NUPL2, GALC, CTSB) showed evidence of disease-associated splicing effects. Cell-type specificity analysis revealed that gene expression was overall more prevalent in glial cell-types compared to neurons. The WGNCA analysis showed that NUPL2 is a key gene in 3 modules implicated in catabolic processes related with protein ubiquitination (protein ubiquitination (p=7.47e-10) and ubiquitin-dependent protein catabolic process (p = 2.57e-17) in nucleus accumbens, caudate and putamen, while TMEM163 and ZRANB3 were both important in modules indicating regulation of signalling (p=1.33e-65] and cell communication (p=7.55e-35) in the frontal cortex and caudate respectively. PPI analysis and simulations using random networks demonstrated that the candidate genes interact significantly more with known Mendelian PD and parkinsonism proteins than would be expected by chance. The proteins core proteins this network were enriched for regulation of the ERBB receptor tyrosine protein kinase signalling pathways.\n\nTogether, these results point to a number of candidate genes and pathways that are driving the associations observed in PD GWAS studies.

neuroscience↗

bioRxiv2019

Regulatory sites for known and novel splicing in human basal ganglia are enriched for disease-relevant information

Genome-wide association studies have generated an increasing number of common genetic variants that affect neurological and psychiatric disease risk. Given that many causal variants are likely to operate by regulating gene expression, an improved understanding of the genetic control of gene expression in human brain is vital. However, the difficulties of sampling human brain, and its complexity, has meant that brain-related expression quantitative trait loci (eQTL) and allele specific expression (ASE) signals have been more limited in their explanatory power than might otherwise be expected. To address this, we use paired genomic and transcriptomic data from putamen and substantia nigra dissected from 117 brains, combined with a comprehensive set of analyses, to interrogate regulation at different stages of RNA processing and uncover novel transcripts. We identify disease-relevant regulatory loci and reveal the types of analyses and regulatory positions yielding the most disease-specific information. We find that splicing eQTLs are enriched for neuron-specific regulatory information; that ASE analyses provide highly cell-specific regulatory information; and that incomplete annotation of the brain transcriptome limits the interpretation of risk loci for neuropsychiatric disease. We release this rich resource of regulatory data through a searchable webserver, http://braineacv2.inf.um.es/.

bioinformatics↗