Effects of Centrally Acting Analgesics on Resting-State Electroencephalography Biomarker Candidates of Chronic Pain
Resting-state electroencephalography (rsEEG) holds promise as a biomarker of chronic pain. However, the impact of centrally acting analgesics like opioids, antiepileptics, and antidepressants on rsEEG remains unclear. This confounds and limits the interpretability of previous studies and questions the validity of rsEEG biomarker candidates of chronic pain. We, therefore, aimed to elucidate the effects of opioids, antiepileptics, and antidepressants on common rsEEG biomarker candidates of chronic pain. To this end, we analyzed two large, independent rsEEG datasets, including 220 people with chronic pain. We performed preregistered multivariate Bayesian analyses and controlled for the potential confounds of age, pain intensity, and depression. The results predominantly provided evidence against effects of centrally acting analgesics on peak alpha frequency, oscillatory power in different frequency bands, and connectivity-based network measures. Although these findings do not rule out any effects of analgesics on rsEEG, they argue against medium to large effects of centrally acting analgesics on rsEEG. Thus, the findings strengthen the validity of rsEEG biomarker candidates of chronic pain and might thereby help to develop clinically valuable biomarkers of chronic pain.