Locoregional Radiogenomic Models Capture Gene Expression Heterogeneity in Glioblastoma
Radiogenomics mapping noninvasively determines important relationships between the molecular genotype and imaging phenotype of various tumors, allowing advances in both clinical care and cancer research. While early work has shown its technical feasibility, here we extend radiogenomic mapping to a locoregional level that can account for the molecular heterogeneity of tumors. To achieve this, our data processing pipeline relies on three main steps: 1) the use of multi-omics data fusion to generate a set of 100 interpretable gene modules, 2) the use of patch-based image analysis (specifically of contrast-enhanced T1-weighted weighted MR images) combined with Generalized Linear Models (GLM) to establish potential links between module expressions and local MR signal, and 3) the use of expression heatmaps based on GLMs decision values to explore visualization of tumor molecular heterogeneity. The performance of the proposed approach was evaluated using a leave-one-patient-out crossvalidation method as well as a separate validation data set. The top performing models were based on a small set of 20 features and yielded Area Under the receiver operating characteristic Curve (AUC) above 0.65 on the validation cohort for eight modules. Next, we demonstrate the clinical and biological interpretation of four modules using molecular expression heatmaps superimposed on clinical radiographic images, showing the potential for assessing tumor molecular heterogeneity and the utility of this method for precision treatment in clinical decision making and imaging surveillance.