Biology subjects

Talluto, M.

Publications and source records attributed to Talluto, M..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2024

Modelling biological and resource fluxes in fluvial meta-ecosystems

Meta-ecosystem theory predicts that cross-ecosystem flows of energy, nutrients, and organisms have important implications for local community assembly and ecosystem functioning. Developments in the theory also have the potential to enhance our understanding of biodiversity-ecosystem functioning relationships. Meta-ecosystem theory is particularly well-suited to the study of rivers, because water flow forces strong spatial interrelationships among connected ecosystems. However, models that address flows of both resources and organisms and explicitly link both are lacking. We present a model and associated R-package for cross-ecosystem flows of both resources and organisms that can be used to predict their distribution in river networks, as well as meta-ecosystem functioning. The model incorporates feedbacks between these two crucial components--resource concentrations represent niche dimensions for organisms, modifying the colonisation and extinction dynamics and different locations in the network, and organisms also consume resources, thereby modifying the concentrations that are transported downstream. To illustrate the capabilities of the model, we present an in silico experiment and analysis, as well as providing sample code.

ecology↗

bioRxiv2021

Standardised empirical dispersal kernels emphasise the pervasiveness of long-distance dispersal in European birds

O_LIDispersal is a key life-history trait for most species and essential to ensure connectivity and gene flow between populations and facilitate population viability in variable environments. Despite the increasing importance of range shifts due to global change, dispersal has proved difficult to quantify, limiting empirical understanding of this phenotypic trait and wider synthesis. C_LIO_LIHere we aim to estimate and compare empirical dispersal kernels for European breeding birds considering average dispersal, natal (before first breeding) and breeding dispersal (between subsequent breeding attempts), and test whether different dispersal properties are phylogenetically conserved. C_LIO_LIWe standardised and analysed data from an extensive volunteer-based bird ring-recoveries database in Europe (EURING) by accounting for biases related to different censoring thresholds in reporting between countries and to migratory movements. Then, we fitted four widely used probability density functions in a Bayesian framework to compare and provide the best statistical descriptions of the average, the natal and the breeding dispersal kernels for each bird species. C_LIO_LIThe dispersal movements of the 234 European bird species analysed were statistically best explained by heavy-tailed kernels, meaning that while most individuals disperse over short distances, long-distance dispersal is a feature in almost all bird species. The overall phylogenetic signal in both median and long dispersal distances was low (Pagels {lambda} < 0.40), implying a high degree of taxonomic generality in our findings. As expected in birds, natal dispersal was 5 Km greater as an average than breeding dispersal for most species (88% species analysed). C_LIO_LIOur comprehensive analysis of empirical kernels indicates that long-distance dispersal is common among European breeding bird species and across life stages. The dispersal estimates offer a first guide to selecting appropriate dispersal kernels in range expansion studies and provide new avenues to improve our understanding of the mechanisms and rules underlying dispersal events. C_LI

ecology↗

bioRxiv2020

Global trends in biodiversity and ecosystem services from 1900 to 2050

Despite the scientific consensus on the extinction crisis and its anthropogenic origin, the quantification of historical trends and of future scenarios of biodiversity and ecosystem services has been limited, due to the lack of inter-model comparisons and harmonized scenarios. Here, we present a multi-model analysis to assess the impacts of land-use and climate change from 1900 to 2050. During the 20th century provisioning services increased, but biodiversity and regulating services decreased. Similar trade-offs are projected for the coming decades, but they may be attenuated in a sustainability scenario. Future biodiversity loss from land-use change is projected to keep up with historical rates or reduce slightly, whereas losses due to climate change are projected to increase greatly. Renewed efforts are needed by governments to meet the 2050 vision of the Convention on Biological Diversity. One Sentence SummaryDevelopment pathways exist that allow for a reduction of the rates of biodiversity loss from land-use change and improvement in regulating services but climate change poses an increasing challenge.

ecology↗