Biology subjects

Stronach, E.

Publications and source records attributed to Stronach, E..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2019

Functional linkage of gene fusions to cancer cell fitness assessed by pharmacological and CRISPR/Cas9 screening

Many gene fusions have been reported in tumours and for most their role remains unknown. As fusions can be used clinically for diagnostic and prognostic purposes, and are targets for treatment, it is crucial to assess their functional implications in cancer. To investigate the role of fusions in tumor cell fitness, we developed a systematic analysis utilising RNA-sequencing data from 1,011 human cancer cell lines to functionally link 8,354 gene fusion events with genomic data, sensitivity to >350 anti-cancer drugs and CRISPR-Cas9 loss-of-fitness information. Established clinically-relevant fusions were readily identified. Overall, functional fusions were rare, including those involving cancer driver genes, suggesting that many fusions are dispensable for tumor cell fitness. Novel therapeutically actionable fusions involving RAF1, BRD4 and ROS1 were verified in new histologies. In addition, recurrent YAP1-MAML2 fusions were identified as activators of Hippo-pathway signaling in multiple cancer types, supporting therapeutic targeting of Hippo signalling. Our approach discriminates functional fusions, identifying new drivers of carcinogenesis and fusions that could have important clinical implications. SignificanceWe identify fusions as new potential candidates for drug repurposing and drivers of carcinogenesis. These results support histology agnostic marker-driven precision cancer medicine. Most fusions are not functional with implications for interpreting cancer fusions reported from clinical sequencing studies.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2018

Tandem duplications lead to loss of fitness effects in CRISPR-Cas9 data

CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing is widely used to study gene function and is being advanced for therapeutic applications. Structural rearrangements are a ubiquitous feature of cancers and their impact on CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing has not yet been systematically assessed. Utilising CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens for 163 cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that targeting tandem amplified regions is highly detrimental to cellular fitness, in contrast to amplifications caused by chromosomal duplications which have little to no effect. Genomically clustered Cas9 double-strand DNA breaks are associated with a strong gene-independent decrease in cell fitness. We systematically identified collateral vulnerabilities in 25% of cancer cells, introduced by tandem amplifications of tissue non-expressed genes. Our analysis demonstrates the importance of structural rearrangements in mediating the effect of CRISPR-Cas9-induced DNA damage, with implications for the use of CRISPR-Cas9 gene-editing technology, and how resulting collateral vulnerabilities are a generalisable strategy to target cancer cells.

genomics↗

bioRxiv2017

Unsupervised correction of gene-independent cell responses to CRISPR-Cas9 targeting

Background: Genome editing by CRISPR-Cas9 technology allows large-scale screening of gene essentiality in cancer. A confounding factor when interpreting CRISPR-Cas9 screens is the high false-positive rate in detecting essential genes within copy number amplified regions of the genome. We have developed the computational tool CRISPRcleanR which is capable of identifying and correcting gene-independent responses to CRISPR-Cas9 targeting. CRISPRcleanR uses an unsupervised approach based on the segmentation of single-guide RNA fold change values across the genome, without making any assumption about the copy number status of the targeted genes.\n\nResults Applying our method to existing and newly generated genome-wide essentiality profiles from 15 cancer cell lines, we demonstrate that CRISPRcleanR reduces false positives when calling essential genes, correcting biases within and outside of amplified regions, while maintaining true positive rates. Established cancer dependencies and essentiality signals of amplified cancer driver genes are detectable post-correction. CRISPRcleanR reports sgRNA fold changes and normalised read counts, is therefore compatible with downstream analysis tools, and works with multiple sgRNA libraries.\n\nConclusions CRISPRcleanR is a versatile open-source tool for the analysis of CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screens to identify essential genes.

bioinformatics↗