Biology subjects

Strater, N.

Publications and source records attributed to Strater, N..

2 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2023

Structural basis of GAIN domain autoproteolysis and cleavage-resistance in the adhesion G-protein coupled receptors

The GAIN domain is a hallmark of adhesion G-protein coupled receptors (aGPCRs) as this extracellular domain contains an integral agonistic sequence (Stachel) for activation via binding to the 7-transmembrane helical (7TM) domain of the receptor. Many aGPCRs are autoproteolytically cleaved at the GPCR proteolysis site (GPS) site within the GAIN domain formed HXS/T sequence motif. However, other aGPCR can be activated without GPS cleavage. We determined the crystal structure of the human ADGRB2/BAI2 hormone receptor (HormR) and GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domains and found that this aGPCR is resistant to autoproteolysis despite the presence of a canonical HLS sequence motif at the GPS. We used structural comparisons and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations to identify structural determinants that are important for autocleavage beyond the canonical HXS/T motif. These studies characterized a conserved glycine residue and an edge-{pi} interaction of the histidine base of the GPS sequence with a phenylalanine residue that is highly conserved in cleavage-competent aGPCRs. The MD simulations showed that this interaction is important to position the imidazole group of the histidine for deprotonation of the serine or threonine nucleophile. Removal of this interaction reduced autoprote-olytic activity in the ADGRL1 receptor and restored cleavage competence of the ADGRB3 receptor in a R866H/L821F double mutant. Conservation analysis indicates that wild-type ADGRB2 and ADGRB3 are auto-cleavage-incompetent receptors.

biochemistry↗

bioRxiv2022

The dimerized pentraxin-like domain of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor 112 (ADGRG4) suggests function in sensing mechanical forces

Adhesion G protein-coupled receptors (aGPCRs) feature large extracellular regions (ECRs) with modular domains that often resemble protein classes of various function. The pentraxin (PTX) domain, which is predicted by sequence homology within the ECR of four different aGPCR members, is well known to form pentamers and other oligomers. Oligomerization of GPCRs is frequently reported and mainly driven by interactions of the seven-transmembrane region and N- or C-termini. While the functional importance of dimers is well-established for some class C GPCRs, relatively little is known about aGPCR multimerization. Here, we showcase the example of ADGRG4, an orphan aGPCR that possesses a PTX-like domain at its very N-terminal tip, followed by an extremely long stalk containing serine-threonine repeats. Using x-ray crystallography and biophysical methods we determined the structure of this unusual PTX-like domain and provide experimental evidence for a homodimer equilibrium of this domain which is Ca2+-independent and driven by intermolecular contacts that differ vastly from the known soluble PTXs. The formation of this dimer seems to be conserved in mammalian ADGRG4 indicating functional relevance. Our data alongside of theoretical considerations lead to the hypothesis that ADGRG4 acts as an in vivo sensor for shear forces in enterochromaffin and Paneth cells of the small intestine.

biochemistry↗