Biology subjects

Stoll, B.

Publications and source records attributed to Stoll, B..

6 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2026

Evaluation of a Novel Recombinant Human Protein Formula Compared to Donor Human Milk and Standard Formula in Neonatal Piglets

BackgroundDespite the advancements in infant nutrition, a gap still exists in the nutritional composition bioactive ingredients between infant formula and human milk. We developed a next-generation, proof-of-concept infant formula that contains recombinant human milk proteins. ObjectiveTo determine the impact of a novel infant formula (H1) on organ growth and development, and intestinal function compared to donor human milk (DHM) and standard infant formula (S) in a term piglet model. MethodsTerm piglets delivered via cesarean section were fed either a donor human milk (DHM) control, the investigational formula (H1), or infant formula (S) for 10 days. On d 10, a blood sample and tissues were collected. ResultsThere was no difference (P > 0.05) in piglet growth, although H1 piglets had a smaller relative stomach and liver than DHM and S piglets. H1 piglets had higher (P < 0.05) interleukins in the distal ileum, but no other systemic cytokines were elevated compared to the DHM and S piglets. H1 piglet small intestinal histology was similar (P > 0.05) to that of DHM and S piglets. Additionally, H1 piglets had either the same (P > 0.05) or higher (P < 0.05) amino acids in circulation compared to DHM and S piglets. Recombinant human proteins had either similar (P > 0.05) or lower (P < 0.05) activity compared to the native human proteins when assessing the individual ingredients in the H1 formula. ConclusionH1 formula was noninferior to DHM and S based on growth, small intestinal histology and plasma amino acid endpoints when fed to neonatal piglets. These findings warrant further studies to use the neonatal piglet as a model to evaluate more in-depth outcomes of health and safety for new infant formulas. Lay SummaryA novel piglet study shows a hypoallergenic, next-generation infant formula containing recombinant human milk proteins rivals donor human milk and standard formula for growth, gut health, and nutrient status.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2025

Pre- and postnatal 1,4-phenylene di-isothiocyanate treatment does not induce bile duct injury in neonatal pigs

BackgroundBiliary atresia (BA) is the leading cause of pediatric liver transplants, however; the cause of biliary atresia (BA) is unknown. Furthermore, the most common treatment for this disease is with a surgical procedure, which has a greater than 50% failure rate after 5 years. Due to a lack of proper animal models to study the pathology of the disease, little progress has been made in the field. ObjectiveThe objective of this study was to test whether pre and postnatal 1,4-phenylene di-isothiocyanate (DITC) would induce bile duct injury and cholestasis in neonatal pigs. MethodsPregnant sows received DITC once at gestation week 5 (100 mg/kg; n=2), or 3 times at gestation weeks 5, 6, and 7 (100 mg/kg each; n=2), or twice per week at gestation weeks 5-16 (15 mg/kg each; n=2). Cesarian-delivered piglets of the sows were randomly assigned to receive approximately 200 mg/kg DITC on days two, four, and six of life or to remain untreated. Piglets were fed enterally and collected blood samples were monitored for markers of liver injury for 14 days. At the end of 14 days, tissues were weighed and collected for immunohistochemistry and histopathology scoring. ResultsPiglets from sows that received DITC for 11 weeks had lower (P < 0.05) final body weight and daily gain compared to other treatments. Piglets from sows that received DITC for 11 weeks had a transient increase in gamma-glutamyl transferase. Liver histological scoring and analysis also did not show signs of BA. Piglets that received DITC from 11-week DITC-treated sows had elevated hepatic bile acids (P < 0.05), but there was no difference in serum bile acids (P > 0.05). ConclusionsThe administration of DITC to pregnant sows and neonatal piglets did not result in the development of bile duct or hepatic injury.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2025

High-throughput histopathology for complex in vitro models

Human complex in vitro models (CIVMs) have demonstrated remarkable potential to study tissue development, physiology and disease at high-throughput. To effectively employ these miniaturized systems in translational preclinical research, their in-depth benchmarking is pivotal. Histology has been the core of tissue characterization for centuries and the foundation of spatial phenotyping. However, standard histology workflows are inherently low-throughput and centered on large tissue pieces. This does not match the high sample volumes and small sample sizes in CIVM research. Here, we introduce a holistic histo-workflow, utilizing 3D-printed histomolds that facilitate co-planar embedding of CIVMs at high-throughput, resulting in up to 48 samples in one section. We developed a variety of model-specific histomold designs that enable spatially controlled histological sectioning and downstream analyses. We describe these workflows, including mold generation, highplex staining and image analysis, and exemplify their application to histological analyses of various CIVMs. Altogether, the histomolds introduced here afford opportunities for CIVM processing and analysis, while significantly reducing labor and reagent resources, thereby democratizing high-throughput CIVM in histopathology.

pathology↗

bioRxiv2025

Human Lung Alveolar Model with an Autologous Innate and Adaptive Immune Compartment

Lung-resident immune cells, spanning both innate and adaptive compartments, preserve the integrity of the respiratory barrier, but become pathogenic if dysregulated1. Current in vitro organoid models aim to replicate interactions between the alveolar epithelium and immune cells but have not yet incorporated lung-specific immune cells critical for tissue residency2. Here we address this shortcoming by describing human lung alveolar immuno-organoids (LIO) that contain an autologous tissue-resident lymphoid compartment, primarily composed of tissue-resident memory T cells (TRMs). Additionally, we introduce lung alveolar immuno-organoids with myeloid cells (LIOM), which include both TRMs and a macrophage-rich alveolar myeloid compartment. The resident immune cells formed a stable immune-epithelial system, frequently interacting with the epithelium and promoting a regenerative alveolar transcriptomic profile. To understand how dysregulated inflammation perturbed the respiratory barrier, we simulated T-cell-mediated inflammation in LIOs and LIOMs and used single-cell transcriptomic analyses to uncover the molecular mechanisms driving immune responses. The presence of innate cells induced a shift in T cell identity from cytotoxic to immunosuppressive, reducing epithelial cell killing and inflammation. Based on insights obtained with bulk RNA-seq data from the phase 3 IMpower150 trial, we tested whether LIOM cultures could model clinically-relevant but poorly understood pulmonary side effects caused by immunotherapies such as the checkpoint inhibitor atezolizumab3. We observed a decrease in immunosuppressive T cells and identified gene signatures that matched the transcriptomic profile of patients with drug-induced pneumonitis. Given its effectiveness in capturing outcomes and mechanisms associated with a prevalent pulmonary disease, this system unlocks opportunities for studying a wide range of immune-related pathologies in the lung.

cell biology↗

bioRxiv2024

Selective Agonism of Liver and Gut FXR Prevents Cholestasis and Intestinal Atrophy in Parenterally Fed Neonatal Pigs

BACKGROUND & AIMSWe aimed to investigate the relative efficacy of feeding different bile acids in preventing PNALD in neonatal pigs. METHODSNewborn pigs given total parenteral nutrition (TPN) combined with minimal enteral feeding of chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), or increasing doses of obeticholic acid (OCA) for 19 days. RESULTSEnteral OCA (5 and 15 mg/kg), but not CDCA (30 mg/kg) reduced blood cholestasis markers compared to TPN controls and increased bile acids in the gallbladder and intestine. Major bile acids in the liver and distal intestine were CDCA, HCA, HDCA and OCA, and their relative proportions were increased by the type of bile acid (CDCA or OCA) given enterally. High doses of OCA increased the total NR1H4-agonistic bile acid profile in the liver and intestine above 50% total bile acids. Both CDCA and OCA treatments suppressed hepatic cyp7a1 expression, but only OCA increased hepatobiliary transporters, ABCB11, ABCC$ and ABCB1. Plasma phytosterol levels were reduced and biliary levels were increased by CDCA and OCA and hepatic sterol transporters, abcg5/8, expression were increased by OCA. Both CDCA and OCA increased plasma FGF19 and OCA increased intestinal FGF19, FABP6, and SLC51A. Both CDCA and OCA increased intestinal mucosal growth, whereas CDCA increased the plasma GLP-2, GLP-1 and GIP. CONCLUSIONSEnteral OCA prevented cholestasis and phytosterolemia by increased hepatic bile acid and sterol transport via induction of hepatobiliary transporter FXR target genes and not by suppression of bile acid synthesis genes. We also showed an intestinal trophic action of OCA that demonstrates a dual clinical benefit of FXR agonism in the prevention of PNALD in piglets.

physiology↗

bioRxiv2023

Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Serum Stimulation of Human Intestinal Organoids Induces Changes in Goblet Cell Differentiation and Mitochondrial Fitness

Human intestinal epithelial cells are the interface between potentially harmful luminal content and basally residing immune cells. Their role is not only nutrient absorption but also the formation of a tight monolayer that constantly secrets mucus creating a multi-layered protective barrier. Alterations in this barrier can lead to increased gut permeability which is frequently seen in individuals with chronic extraintestinal autoimmune diseases, such as Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE). Despite recent advances in identifying alterations in gut microbiota composition in SLE patients, not much attention has been given to the epithelial barrier itself. To date, it remains largely unexplored which role and function intestinal epithelial cells have in SLE pathology. Here, we present a unique near-physiologic in vitro model specifically designed to examine the effects of SLE on the epithelial cells. We utilize human colon organoids that are stimulated with serum obtained from SLE patients. Combining bulk and scRNA transcriptomic analysis with functional assays revealed that SLE serum stimulation induced a unique expression profile marked by a type I interferon gene signature. Additionally, organoids exhibited decreased mitochondrial fitness, alterations in mucus composition and imbalanced cellular composition. Similarly, transcriptomic analysis of SLE human colon biopsies revealed a downregulation of epithelial secretory markers. Our work uncovers a crucial connection between SLE and intestinal homeostasis that might be promoted in vivo through the blood, offering insights into the causal connection of barrier dysfunction and autoimmune diseases.

cell biology↗