Charting the Structure and Functional Landscape of the SF3B1 Intrinsically Disordered Region
Despite its essential role in pre-mRNA splicing, the structure and functional significance of the intrinsically disordered N-terminal domain (NTD) of SF3B1, a core component of the SF3b spliceosome complex, remain poorly understood. Here, we combine nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS), biochemistry, bioinformatics approaches, with molecular dynamics simulations to characterize the conformational landscape of the SF3B1-NTD and its phosphorylation-dependent remodelling. Specifically, we focus on the 186-341 region (186-341SF3B1), which contains at least four regulatory phosphorylation sites. We reveal that 186-341SF3B1 is highly dynamic, lacking a stable secondary structure, and that phosphorylation of T211, T235, T313, and T328 induces a shift toward more compact states driven by the formation of intramolecular interactions. Additionally, we unveil that 186-341SF3B1 interacts with RNA primarily via the arginine residues flaking one of the conserved tryptophan-centred motifs present within SF3B1-NTD. These interactions are transient and heterogeneous, reflecting a nonspecific yet sequence-dependent recognition mechanism. Collectively, this study provides a comprehensive description of the conformational landscape and functional features of the SF3B1-NTD, and expands the portfolio of its possible interactors, thus broadening our understanding of how intrinsic disorder, post-translational modifications, and sequence-encoded motifs cooperate to regulate pre-mRNA splicing.