Sorensen, N. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2026

Enantiomer-Dependent Biological Activity of Cysteine-Coated Ceria Nanoparticles in Colorectal Cancer Cells

Colorectal cancer (CRC) remains a major cause of cancer death, and advanced disease is still limited by resistance and systemic toxicity. We studied intrinsically active, biomimetic cerium oxide nanoparticles (CeNPs) functionalized with D- or L-cysteine (D-Cys@CeNPs and L-Cys@CeNPs) in three CRC cell lines (COLO-201, DLD-1, and LoVo) and healthy colon fibroblasts (CCD-18Co). We propose these materials act as enantioselective functional keys: cysteine stereochemistry shapes recognition at the nano-bio interface, while productive interactions allow the Ce3-rich surface to drive localized redox exchange. We measured viability, ROS as a downstream phenotypic readout, Annexin V/PI-defined cell fate, and expression of the NF-{kappa}B regulatory genes TNFAIP3 (A20), IKBKG (NEMO), and NFKBIA (I{kappa}B). Across the CRC panel, D-Cys@CeNPs caused earlier and stronger loss of viability, with the clearest effect in COLO-201, and shifted cells toward late apoptosis and necrosis. In contrast, L-Cys@CeNPs produced slower and more heterogeneous fate changes. Gene expression showed enantiomer-dependent differences in NF-{kappa}B feedback, consistent with differential pathway engagement. CCD-18Co fibroblasts were comparatively resistant to both enantiomers. Together, these findings link chiral CeNP surface design to redox-linked pathway regulation and support a materials-based route to selective anticancer activity. INTRODUCTION

bioengineering↗

bioRxiv2018

An inhibitor of apoptosis (SfIAP) interacts with SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP) transcription factors that exhibit pro-death characteristics

Despite the functional conservation of programmed cell death (PCD) across broad evolutionary distances, an understanding of the molecular machinery underpinning this fundamental program in plants remains largely elusive. This is despite its critical importance to development, homeostasis, and proper responses to stress. Progress in plant PCD has been hindered by the fact that many core regulators of animal PCD are absent in plant genomes. Remarkably, numerous studies have shown that the ectopic expression of animal anti-PCD genes in plants can suppress cell death imposed by many stresses. In this study, we capitalize on the ectopic expression of an insect inhibitor of apoptosis (SfIAP) to identify novel cell death regulators in plants. A yeast two-hybrid assay was conducted using SfIAP as bait to screen a tomato cDNA library. This screen identified several transcription factors of the SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein (SBP) family as potential SfIAP binding partners. We confirmed this interaction in vivo for our top two interactors, SlySBP8b and SlySBP12a, using coimmunoprecipitation. Interestingly, overexpression of SlySBP8b and SlySBP12a induced spontaneous cell death in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves. Overexpression of these two transcription factors also induced the accumulation of reactive oxygen species and enhanced the growth of the necrotrophic pathogen Alternaria alternata. Fluorescence microscopy confirmed the nuclear localization of both SlySBP8b and SlySBP12a, while SlySBP12a was also localized to the ER membrane. These results support a pro-death role for SlySBP8b and SlySBP12a and provide potential targets that can be utilized to improve stress tolerance in crop plants.\n\nHighlightsSBP transcription factors SlySBP8b and SlySBP12a from tomato interact with an insect inhibitor of apoptosis protein (SfIAP). Both exhibit pro-cell death characteristics while SlySBP12a activity may be regulated through ER membrane tethering.\n\nAbbreviations

plant biology↗