Smet, W. | bioRxiv Science

bioRxiv2022

MYB12 spatiotemporally represses TMO5/LHW-mediated transcription in the Arabidopsis root meristem

Transcriptional networks are crucial to integrate various internal and external signals into optimal responses during plant growth and development. Primary root vasculature patterning and proliferation are controlled by a network centred around the basic Helix-Loop-Helix transcription factor complex formed by TARGET OF MONOPTEROS 5 (TMO5) and LONESOME HIGHWAY (LHW), which control cell proliferation and orientation by modulating cytokinin response and other downstream factors. Despite recent progress, many aspects of the TMO5/LHW pathway are not fully understood. In particular, the upstream regulators of TMO5/LHW activity remain unknown. Here, using a forward genetic approach to identify new factors of the TMO5/LHW pathway, we discovered a novel function of the MYB-type transcription factor MYB12. MYB12 physically interacts with TMO5 and dampens the TMO5/LHW-mediated induction of direct target gene expression as well as the periclinal/radial cell divisions. The expression of MYB12 is activated by the cytokinin response, downstream of TMO5/LHW, resulting in a novel MYB12-mediated negative feedback loop that restricts TMO5/LHW activity to ensure optimal cell proliferation rates during root vascular development.

plant biology↗

bioRxiv2022

Cellular and gene expression patterns associated with root bifurcation in Selaginella

The roots of lycophytes branch through dichotomy or bifurcation, which means that the root apex splits into two daughter roots. This is morphologically distinct from lateral root (LR) branching in the extant euphyllophytes, where LRs develop along the root axis at different distances from the apex. The process of root bifurcation is poorly understood, while such knowledge can be important, as it may represent an evolutionarily ancient strategy that roots recruited to form new stem cells or meristems. In this study, we examined root bifurcation in the lycophyte Selaginella moellendorffii. We characterized an in vitro developmental time-frame based on repetitive apex bifurcations, allowing us to sample different stages of dichotomous root branching and analyze the root meristem and root branching in S. moellendorffii at the microscopical and transcriptional level. Our results show that, in contrast to previous assumptions, initial cells in the root meristem are mostly not tetrahedral but rather show an irregular shape. Tracking down the early stages during root branching argues for the occurrence of a symmetric division of the single initial cell resulting in two apical stem cells allowing for root meristem bifurcation. Moreover, we generated a S. moellendorffii root branching transcriptome, which resulted in the delineation of a subset of core meristem genes. The occurrence of multiple meristem-related orthologues in this dataset, including inversely correlated expression profiles of a SCARECROW (SCR) versus a RETINOBLASTOMA-RELATED1 (RBR1) homologue suggests the presence of conserved pathways in the control of meristem and root stem cell establishment or maintenance. One-sentence summaryThe root of the spike moss Selaginella moellendorffii bifurcates following a symmetric cell division of the single stem cell and involves conserved genetic modules known from angiosperm roots.

plant biology↗