Biology subjects

Smazynski, J.

Publications and source records attributed to Smazynski, J..

3 recordsLinked to original sources

bioRxiv2025

Prognostically favorable immune responses to ovarian cancer are distinguished by self-reactive intra-epithelial plasma cells

Tumor-infiltrating B cells (TIL-Bs) are strongly associated with patient survival; however, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Using integrated single-cell and spatial biology approaches, we defined at clonal resolution the molecular phenotypes, tumor reactivity patterns, and microenvironmental locations of TIL-Bs in high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC). Prognostic benefit was associated with a TIL-B-rich tumor microenvironment with marked infiltration of malignant epithelium by plasma cells (PCs). PCs spanned five molecular phenotypes; exhibited high rates of somatic hypermutation and clonal expansion; and expressed predominantly IgG1 antibodies recognizing broadly expressed nuclear, cytoplasmic, and cell surface self-antigens. Many PC-derived antibodies were polyreactive. Self- and poly-reactive TIL-Bs penetrated tumor epithelium and stroma and expressed interferon-stimulated genes, indicating strong in situ activation. The self- and poly-reactive nature of TIL-B responses, reminiscent of autoimmune disease, may provide a means for the immune system to combat tumor heterogeneity and could potentially be harnessed for more effective immunotherapy.

cancer biology↗

bioRxiv2021

Clinically-relevant T cell expansion protocols activate distinct cellular metabolic programs and phenotypes

Ex vivo expansion conditions used to generate T cells for immunotherapy are thought to adopt metabolic phenotypes that impede therapeutic efficacy in vivo. The comparison of five different culture media used for clinical T cell expansion revealed unique optima based on different output variables including proliferation, differentiation, function, activation and mitochondrial phenotypes. T cells adapted their metabolism to match their media expansion condition as shown by glucose and glutamine uptake, and patterns of glucose isotope labeling. However, adoption of these metabolic phenotypes was uncoupled to T cell function. Furthermore, T cell products cultured in ascites from ovarian cancer patients displayed suppressed mitochondrial activity and function irrespective of the ex vivo expansion media. In one case, culturing in ascites resulted in increased glucose uptake which was insufficient to rescue T cell function. Thus, ex vivo T cell expansion conditions have profound impacts on metabolism and function.

immunology↗

bioRxiv2020

1-Methylnicotinamide is an immune regulatory metabolite in human ovarian cancer

Immune regulatory metabolites are key features of the tumor microenvironment (TME), yet with a few notable exceptions, their identities remain largely unknown. We uncovered the immune regulatory metabolic states and metabolomes of sorted tumor and stromal, CD4+, and CD8+ cells from the tumor and ascites of patients with high-grade serous ovarian cancer (HGSC) using high-dimensional flow cytometry and metabolomics supplemented with single cell RNA sequencing. Flow cytometry revealed that tumor cells show a consistently greater uptake of glucose than T cells, but similar mitochondrial activity. Cells within the ascites and tumor had pervasive metabolite differences, with a striking enrichment in 1-methylnicotinamide (MNA) in T cells infiltrating the tumor compared to ascites. Despite the elevated levels of MNA in T cells, the expression of nicotinamide N-methyltransferase, the gene encoding the enzyme that catalyses the transfer of a methyl group from S-adenosylmethionine to nicotinamide, was restricted to fibroblasts and tumor cells. Treatment of T cells with MNA resulted in an increase in T cell-mediated secretion of the tumor promoting cytokine tumor necrosis factor alpha. Thus, the TME-derived metabolite MNA contributes to an alternative and non-cell autonomous mechanism of immune modulation of T cells in HGSC. Collectively, uncovering the tumor-T cell metabolome may reveal metabolic vulnerabilities that can be exploited using T cell-based immunotherapies to treat human cancer.

immunology↗